WH Final Review Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
Culture
A
Knowledge beliefs customs and values of a group of people
2
Q
Archeology
A
The study of the past based on what people left behind
3
Q
Historians
A
People that study history
4
Q
Fossil
A
Part or imprint of something that was once alive
5
Q
Primary source
A
An account of an event told by someone who took part lr witnessed an event
6
Q
Secondary source
A
Information gathered by someone who did not take part or witness an event
7
Q
Geography
A
Study of the earth’s physical and cultural features
8
Q
Lamdform
A
Natural features of a land’s surface
9
Q
Climate
A
Pattern of weather conditions in a certain area over a long period of time
10
Q
Environment
A
It includes all the living and nonliving things that affect life in an area
11
Q
2 main branches of geography
A
Human and physical
12
Q
Region
A
Area with one or mire features that make it different from surrounding areas
13
Q
Location
A
Exact description of where something is
14
Q
Mesopotamia
A
Land between 2 rivers
15
Q
Fertile crescent
A
Large area of rich or fertile farmland
16
Q
Irrigation
A
Way of supplying water from area of land
17
Q
Canal
A
Human made water ways
18
Q
What made civilization possible in Mesopotamia?
A
Plant of crops and irrigation
19
Q
Where was Mesopotamia?
A
Between the tigris and the euphrates river
20
Q
City state
A
Consists of a city and the countryside around it
21
Q
Empire
A
Land with different territories and people under a single rule
22
Q
Polytheism
A
Worship of many gods
23
Q
Cuneiform
A
World’s first writing system
24
Q
How did the Sumerians write?
A
On clay tablets with a stylus
25
What was one of the most important technical developments of Sumer?
Wheel
26
What was at the center of most Sumerian cities?
The temple
27
Monarch
Ruler of a kingdom or empire
28
When did Hammurabi become Babylonian's king?
1792 BC
29
What was the most important contribution of the Phoenicians to our civilization?
Alphabet
30
Subcontinent
A large landmass that is smaller than a continent
31
Mossons
Seasonal wind patterns that carve wet and dry seasons
32
What were the 2 main cities of the Harappan civilization?
Harrapa and Mohenjo Doro
33
From where did the Aryans come?
The are around the caspian sea in central asia
34
Where did the Harappan civilization develop?
Indus River Valley
35
Caste system
It divided indian society into groups based on a person's wealth, birth or occupation.
36
Himduism
Largest religion in india today
37
History
Study of the past
38
Karma
The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's soul
39
Nirvana
State of perfect peace
40
Buddahism
Religion based on the teachings of Buddha
41
Judaism
The jew's religion
42
Exoudus
When Moses led the people out of Egypt
43
Abraham
He left Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan. God told him to leave his home and he promised to lead him to a new land
44
Diaspora
The dispersal of the Jews outside of Israel and Judah
45
Monotheism
The belief in one God
46
Torah
The most sacred text of the Jews
47
Sinagoge
Jewish house of worship
48
What 2 mayor religions were influenced by Judaism?
Christianism and Islam
49
Zealots
The most rebellious of the Jews
50
Passover
A time for jewish to remember the exodus
51
On what geographic feature is Greece located?
Peninsula
52
Where was the Minoan Civilization located?
On an island (Crete)
53
Classical age
One that is marked by great achievements
54
Acropolis
High hill
55
Democracy
Type of government in which the people rule themselves
56
Oligarchy
Government in which only a few people have power
57
Who was the father of democracy in Athens?
Cleisthenes
58
Direct democracy
When all citizens could participate directly in the government
59
Aristocrats
Rich landowners
60
Per ices
He overthrew the oligarchy in 546 BC and became the ruler of Athens. He was a tyrant
61
Mythology
A body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works
62
Greek gods
Zeus, Hera, Hades, Hestia, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephasteus, Dionysus, Hermes, Athena, Poseidon, Dementer.
63
Homer
He was a Greek poet. His poems were central to the Greek education system. They're considered some of the greatest literary works ever produced
64
What are Homer's most famous works?
Odyssey and Iliad
65
What was the purpose of the Olympic Games?
To honor the gods
66
Fables
Short stories that teach the reader about life, how to live
67
How many kings officially ruled Sparta?
2
68
What was the most important element of Spartan society?
Soldiers (army)
69
How long did Spartan men had to stay in the army?
40 years
70
Which city state won the Penopolatian war?
Sparta
71
Write a Greek contribution
Art
72
Who were Socrates Plato and Aristotle?
Greek philosophers
73
Reason
Clear and other thinking
74
Hippocraties
He was the greatest Greek doctor. He wanted to figure out what caused diseases so he could better treat them. He is known for his ideas about how doctors should behave
75
Euclid
He spend his life studying mathematics. He was interested in geometry, the study of lines, angles and shapes. Many of the geometry rules were made by him
76
What 2 types of drama did the Greek invent?
Tradegy and comedian
77
Oasis
A wet fertile land in the desert
78
Caravan
Group of traders that travel together
79
Islam
The messages Muhammad received form the basis of this religion
80
How did Islam spread in Arabia?
In 622, Muhammad went to Media, Arabia. He became a spiritual and political leader. In 630 after several years of fighting the people of Mecca accepted Islam as their religion
81
Muslims
The followers of Islam
82
Mosque
Building for Muslim prayer
83
Write are the 5 pillars of Islam
1. Saying there is no God but God and Muhammad is his prophet. 2. Praying 5 times a day 3. Fast during Ramadan 4. Giving to the poor and needy 5. Traveling to Mecca at least once on a Haji
84
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
5 acts of worship required of all Muslims
85
Caliph
A title that Muslims use for the leader of Islam
86
What city became the Ottoman Empire
Constantinople
87
Tolerance
Acceptance
88
Calligraphy
Decorative writing
89
Observatory
Building from which people could study the sky
90
What happened to the maya after 900?
People stopped building temples and other structures. They left the cities and moved back to the country side. There are different ideas.
- the burden on the common people
- increased warfare
- not produce enough food because the soil was weak
- climate change
91
How did the Aztecs rise to power?
They settled on a Swampy island in the middle of lake Texcoco. In 1325 they began building their capital and conquering nearby towns. They fought fiercely and demanded tribute payments from the people they conquered.
92
About when did the Aztec empire become the most powerful state in Mesoamerica?
Early 1400s
93
How was life different in Tenochitlilan during the Aztec empire?
It was an island to it had limited amount for farming so they created floating gardens called chimpas
94
Conquistador
Spanish conquerors
95
Moctesuma
He was the Aztec emperor. He believed Cortes to be the god Quetzalcoatl
96
Hernan Cortes
He was the leader of conquistadors in 1519. They wanted to find gold, claim land and conquer naitive people
97
Pachacuts
He was a ruler who began to expand Inca territories
98
Quechua
Official Inca language
99
How did the Incas control their empire?
Pachicuti removed local leaders and replaced the. With new officials he trusted
100
Atagualpa
He won the war in 1532. He fought to claim the throne
101
Francisco Pizzaro
He organized expeditions to explore the west coast of South America
102
Excomunicate
Cast out from the church
103
What was the Pope's role in the Roman Catholic Church?
He was the leader of the Church
104
With whom did Pope Gregory 7 clash?
Henry IV
105
Where does the word Crusade come from?
From Latin (marked with a cross)
106
Which countries took part in the third crusade?
England, France, Holy Roman Empire
107
Saladin
Leader of the Muslims
108
Clergy
Church officials
109
Cathedral
Large. Birches in which bishops led religious services
110
Black Death
A deathly plague that swept through Europe Between 1347 and 1351
111
Trade city
Trading center cities in a country
112
Renaissance
Period that followed the Middle Ages
113
Miguel Angelo
He painted the Sistine chapel ceiling, sculptured David, designed buildings and wrote poetry
114
Leonardo Davinci
He painted the Mona Lisa. Studied geology, chemistry and anatomy. He designed buildings, canals and weapons. He sketched engines and flying cars
115
Why did Davinci study anatomy
To make art more real. Anatomy is the structure of the human body
116
Which 2 inventions help spread renaissance beyond Italy?
Paper and printing
117
Reformation
A reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church
118
Martin Lutheran
He was a priest who in October 31, 1517 nailed a list of complains about the church to the door of a church in Wittenberg. His list is called the 95 themes. Pope Leo V executed him. He began the Lutheran church and it became the dominant church in northern Germany
119
Federalism
The sharing of power between local government and strong central government
120
Coup d'état
A forceful overthrow of a government
121
Conservatism
A movement to preserve the old social order and government
122
Liberalism
A movement for individual rights and liberties
123
What european countries ruled Latin America?
Portugal and Spain
124
What was the first colony in Latin America to gain independence?
Haiti (a Caribbean island)
125
What was the industrial revolution?
Starting in the early 1700s, a series of new inventions that completely changed the way goods were made. Machines in factories began to perform the work that before was done by hand
126
Nationalism
Devotion and loyalty to one's country
127
Imperialism
Control of a region or country by another country
128
What were the main causes of WW1?
On June 28, 1914 a Siberian nationalist killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne and his wife. Seeking revenge, Austria- Hungary de later war on Serbia
129
Communism
Economic and political system in which the government owns all business and controls the economy
130
What were the central powers in WW1?
Austria-Hungary and Germany
131
Who were the allies in WW1?
Great Britain, France and Russia
132
Facism
Political philosophy based on a nationalism and strong government
133
Which countries were axis powers in WW1?
Germany Italy and Japan
134
Holocaust
The nazi's effort to wipe out the jewish people
135
Cold War
A period of tense rivaly between the superpowers but no direct fighting
136
Osama Bin Ladden
A Muslim extremist based in Afghanistan, who ordered ,au attacks of terrorism. He used the Qaeda, a terrorism group to wage war on the USA
137
Terrorism
Criminal activity involving the use of violence to create fear and to push for political change
