WHAP Unit 2

Question 1

A plague that killed 1/3-1/2 of the population of Europe in the middle ages but also significantly affected Afro-Eurasia with mass deaths at various times over two thousand years.

Answer 1

Bubonic Plague

Question 2

Most significant disease to spread through trade routes until the 20th century; known as the Black Death in Europe after it weakened Europe socially and economically and spelled the end of serfdom in Western Europe

Answer 2

Bubonic Plague

Question 3

A series of 5 holy wars declared by the Catholic Pope in which Crusaders fought to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims.

Answer 3

The Crusades (1095-1291)

Question 4

Along with the transfer of Greco-Islamic medical knowledge, luxurious eastern goods and technology diffused to Europe, generating a pressing need for Europeans to find a way to trade directly through Muslim intermediates.

Answer 4

The Crusades (1095-1291)

Question 5

Chinese invention of explosive powder that was in use during the Tang Dynasty but utilized as a weapon by the Song

Answer 5

Gunpowder

Question 6

Reached Europe by 1258 in large part due to the Mongols; ultimately played a key role in the European conquest of the Americas

Answer 6

Gunpowder

Question 7

With the benefit of the monsoon winds, they boasted the largest volume of goods traded amongst the largest number of people, with the interaction of the most diverse selection of cultures

Answer 7

Indian Ocean Trade Network

Question 8

This trade route was not controlled by any particular state or empire and open to all for participation until the Europeans Arrived.

Answer 8

Indian Ocean Trade Network

Question 9

The world’s most extensive network of land exchange until the 15-16th century, which brought great wealth and power to those who controlled it.

Answer 9

The Silk Roads

Question 10

Facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and disease across long distances and it promoted the growth of powerful new trading cities

Answer 10

The Silk Roads

Question 11

Rose in prominence when the camel was introduced from Arabia, on which salt, gold, slaves, and ivory from the south were exchanged for cloth, horses, olives, and manufactured goods from the north.

Answer 11

Trans-Saharan Trade Networks

Question 12

Connected the wealth of Sub-Saharan Africa with Eurasia and facilitated the spread of Islam into Africa

Answer 12

Trans-Saharan Trade Networks

Question 13

Founder of the Mongol empire and quintessential nomadic steppe warrior/military genius; name means “universal ruler”

Answer 13

Chingis Khan

Question 14

United thousands of fractious tribes and clans across Eurasia to create a single confederation in 1206 that overran China, Persia, the Abbasid Caliphate, Russia, and parts of Eastern Europe over the next few decades.

Answer 14

Chingis Khan

Question 15

14th century Muslim Scholar and traveler from Morocco who transverse all of the Dar al Islam on the trade routes; most celebrated Muslim traveler of the postclassical world

Answer 15

Ibn Battuta

Question 16

He promoted the proper observance of Islam wherever he went, such as modesty of dress in West Africa and the islands of SE Asia; was highly critical of the syncretic nature of Islam in places like India and West Africa

Answer 16

Ibn Battuta

Question 17

Junks

Answer 17

Oceangoing ships built in China during the Song Dynasty that utilized a magnetic compass, stern-mounted rudder, and gunpowder-propelled rockets.

Question 18

Junks

Answer 18

Helped to intensify and advance Chinese trade and tributary relationships further afield

Question 19

Khubilai Khan

Answer 19

Grandson of Chingghis Khan and overlord of all the Khanates across Eurasia; Yuan emperor in China who improved infrastructure, lowered taxes, promoted culture, and supported peasant agriculture

Question 20

Khubilai Khan

Answer 20

Completed the conquest of all of China, thus reuniting it for the first time since the Tang Dynast; established what has become modern capital of Beijing.

Question 21

Marco Polo

Answer 21

Italian Merchant who traveled from Italy to China during Mongol rule and stayed at the court of Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan for years; stories of his travels on the Silk Roads and the Indian Ocean trade Network were accumulated in a book and rapidly circulated throughout Europe

Question 22

Marco Polo

Answer 22

Introduced readers to the rich world of the Chinese and their Customs Advanced Technologies and luxury products; inspired Columbus and others to find a passage to the east

Question 23

Sacking of Baghdad

Answer 23

Destroyed by the Mongols with the massacre of more than 200,000 people

Question 24

Sacking of Baghdad

Answer 24

Mark the final end of the crumbling Islamic Abbasid caliphate

Question 25

Timbuktu

Answer 25

Located near the niger River in one of the wealthiest cities in West Africa due to its location in the trans-Saharan trade routes

Question 26

Timbuktu

Answer 26

With the conversion of the Mali Empire to Islam in the mid-1330s it became a leading cultural intellectual and religious Center in Africa; declined with the interest in European trading posts along the coast of West Africa

Question 27

Caravanserai

Answer 27

Inn or rest station for merchants traveling alone or Caravans

Question 28

Caravanserai

Answer 28

Allowed merchants of luxury goods to travel for trait more extensively because of the added security of place to rest which allow for the growth of inter-regional trade

Question 29

Bills of Exchange

Answer 29

A written order to a person requiring the person to make a specific payment to the signatory or to a named payee a promissory note

Question 30

Bills of Exchange

Answer 30

Allowed for the growth of inter-regional trade by providing buyers and sellers over long distances with assurance that they would be paid for their Investments

Question 31

Banking houses

Answer 31

Before this time. There weren’t any places to store money or exchange foreign currencies until the emergence of this commercial technology that allowed the lending of money you said checks and also let people store their money for safety

Question 32

Banking houses

Answer 32

Play the big role in increasing Islamic and European trade including luxury goods

Question 33

Samarkand

Answer 33

One of the most influential cities and trading centers on the Silk Roads and a cultural center for Islam in Central Asia

Question 34

Samarkand

Answer 34

It’s growth was an effect of increased volume of trade wealth and security on the Silk Roads

Question 35

Mongol khanates

Answer 35

New Imperial states that arose after Genghis Khan and his descendants brought about the demise of existing post-classical Empires; These became the khanates of Chaghati, golden horde, the great Khan and il-khanate of Persia

Question 36

Mongol khanates

Answer 36

they’d ruin new people into their economies and trade networks and guaranteed a time of peace and security allowing Silk Roads trading to reach its peak

Question 37

Compass and astrolabe

Answer 37

Instruments that allowed travelers to determine Direction and latitude respectively

Question 38

Compass and astrolabe

Answer 38

Innovations that significantly increased rate of both luxury and Mass market products on the Indian Ocean

Question 39

Zheng he

Answer 39

Muslim eunuch in Chinese Admiral who commanded an extensive naval fleet of junks on seven exploratory voyages as far as Eastern Africa to establish tributary relationships between1405 + 1433

Question 40

Zheng he

Answer 40

Demonstrated China’s ability to be a military, political and economic power in the Indian Ocean

Question 41

Diasporic communities

Answer 41

Merchant communities on the Indian Ocean that introduced their own cultures into local cultures and we’re themselves influenced by local cultures

Question 42

Diasporic communities

Answer 42

A significant effect of the growth of the Indian Ocean trade Network that saw the spread of Islam to East Africa and Southeast Asia and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia as well as Chinese Merchants to Southeast Asia leading to the emergence of syncretic cultures in these places

Question 43

Monsoon winds

Answer 43

The seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and Southern Asia blowing from the southwest and summer and from the Northeast in winter

Question 44

Monsoon winds

Answer 44

Advanced environmental knowledge of phenomenon such as these allowed for expanded trade on the Indian Ocean

Question 45

Camel saddle

Answer 45

An invention which gives camel Riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea travelled along the trans-saharan Caravan trade route

Question 46

Camel saddle

Answer 46

Allowed for trade to extend into Africa from Asia by making it possible for Traders to comfortably travel over the dry Sahara Desert for long periods of time

Question 47

Mali Empire

Answer 47

The kingdom in West Africa that follow the Kingdom of Ghana

Question 48

Mali Empire

Answer 48

Its wealth was also based on trans-saharan trade it also encouraged the spread of Islam brought it into Africa by merchants and adopted by the elite and upper-class people

Question 49

Bananas in Africa

Answer 49

Brought in to Madagascar by the Malays of Southeast Asia

Question 50

Bananas in Africa

Answer 50

This helped increase the population of Africa to 17 million due to its nutritional value distribution was a result of the malays traveling on the Indian Ocean trade routes

Question 51

Sultanate of melacca

Answer 51

Small fishing Village that eventually became a kingdom after the arrival of a Hindu Prince from nearby srivijaya

Question 52

Sultanate of Melacca

Answer 52

It controlled malaccan straits and in essence the sea trade route between India and China which allowed it to become very rich in experience and golden age

Question 53

Swahili city-states of East Africa

Answer 53

with the arrival of Arab merchants the Africans in this area begin to trade on the Indian Ocean trade Network

Question 54

Swahili city-states of East Africa

Answer 54

Indian Ocean trade allowed for the flourishing of these states while also helping to create a syncretic culture combining Arab in Bantu