Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Behavioral Neuroscience > What are parts of the nervous system? > Flashcards

What are parts of the nervous system? Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Parts of the Vascular System - Blood Supply

A

-Carotid arteries
-Circle of Willis
-The Blood Brain Barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cartoid arteries

A

the major arteries to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Circle of Willis

A

a structure formed by the major cerebral srteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

the result of higher resistance in brain capillaries that restricts the passage of large molecules - the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels are tightly bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

occurs when a rupture in an artery allows blood to leak into the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

clots or other debris prevent blood from reaching a region of the brain, causing it to die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Meninges

A

-Dura Mater (top layer)
-Arachnoid Mater (middle layer)
-Pia Mater (Inner layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

-filled with CSF
-the fluid-filled sac surrounding the brain helps to prevent the brain from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

-Line the meninges (wrappers surrounding
the nervous system)

-Form lining of ventricles
(fluid-filled spaces of the nervous system) – ependymal cells

-Secrete cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

-a membrane lining the ventricles that produces cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nervous System Anatomy

A

-the nervous system is highly organized

-this is true at all levels - gross anatomy (that which you can see by eye) to the microscopic level

-the “parts” are important to us because structure = function in the nervous system
-concept of modularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Directional and Planar Labels

A

-Horizontal plane: rostral (anterier) to caudal (posterior) cut

-Sagital plane: dorsal to ventral cut Cut the middle of the brain (seperate right and left)

-Coronal plane: dorsal to ventral cut (crown) (face vs back of head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Direction & Flexure

A

-Anterior –> posterior: head vs feet

-Dorsal –> Ventral: back vs front of the body

-Rostral –> Caudal: front of the brain to the back of the brain

-Medial –> Lateral: middle of the body to the outside of the body

-Ipsilateral –> Contralateral: same side of the body vs opposite side of the body

-Distal –> Proximal: far vs close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

all parts of the nervous system found outside the skull and the spinal column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Autonomic nervous System

A

-Part of the PNS

-Involuntary

-Consists of many ganglia (bundles of neurons) distributed all over the body that somewhat independently influence visceral organs
–Sympathetic (fight or flight) (Norepinephrine)
–Parasympathetic (relax) (Acetylcholine)
–Enteric (gut/digestive control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

-Part of the PNS

-Voluntary

-Nerves from your sense organs
back to the CNS to feed your brain
information about what is going on
around your body

-Consists of nerves from the CNS to
the skeletal muscles allowing you to
move your body willingly

-nerves include axons traveling to the CNS from the ears, eyes, skin, tongue, nose, muscles, tendons, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Central Nervous System (details)

A

-Spinal cord (tail/caudal) to brain (nose/rostral)

-Responsible for:
–Senses: sight (vision), hearing (audition), smell (olfaction), touch, taste
–Initiating movement of your muscles
–Attention, cognition, perception, thought, affect, mood

-Also responsible for other automatic life-essential function
–Breathing, hunger regulation, thermoregulation, pain regulation, circadian rhythm

-As you move from tail (caudal) to nose (rostral) of the CNS, functions carried out generally become less automatic and more complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parts of the Brain CNS

A

-Cerebral cortex
-Basal Ganglia
-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus
-Brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla)
-Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parts of the Spinal Cord CNS

A

-Cervical (Neck)
-Thoracic (trunk)
-Lumbar (lower back)
-Sacral (pelvic)
-Coccygeal (bottom/tail bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

take informationmfrom the skin to the spinal cord; sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ventral Root Ganglion

Study These Flashcards
A

cell bodies are in the ventral horn and send axons to the effector muscles; make the muscle move; motor

23
Q

Sulcus

Study These Flashcards
A

a groove in the cerebral cortex

24
Q

Gyrus

Study These Flashcards
A

matter between two grooves/wrinkles

25
Evolutionary trends
-the most complex behaviors an organism can do, the larger the brain is
26
Gray Matter in the brain
contains cell bodies and dendrites, which lack myelin
27
White matter in the brain
consists of axons with white myelin sheath
28
Axon Tracts
-When lots of myelinated axons travel together, they appear white -Multiple axons traveling together form a tract -Cortical and subcortical regions communicate with one another via these tracts -Corpus collosum
29
Corpus Collosum
axon tract that joins the two hemispheres
30
The lobes of the cerebral cortex
-frontal lobe -parietal lobe -temporal lobe -occipital lobe
31
Cerebral Cortex
divided into sensory, motor, and associative processing areas
32
Sensory Processing Areas
-involved in processing sensory input. Receive strong input from sensory organs --Primary sensory cortex --Visual cortex --Auditory cortex
33
Motor Processing Areas
-involved in driving movements or generating motor responses. Makes strong connection to the spinal cord --Primary motor cortex
34
Associative Processing Areas
-involved in cognitive operations that are intermediate between sensing stimuli and acting upon them --Parietal lobe --Temporal lobe --Prefrontal cortex
35
Associative Processing Areas
-involved in cognitive operations that are intermediate between sensing stimuli and acting upon them --Parietal lobe --Temporal lobe --Prefrontal cortex
36
Homunculus
-Primary Motor Cortex: in front of the central sulcus -Primary Sensory Cortex: behind the central sulcus
37
Functional Neuroanatomy
-The cerebral cortex is made up of many different sub-regions that have distinct functions but have surprisingly similar structure (cytoarchitecture) -Cortical regions are largely defined by what they are connected with and their sub-regional cellular architecture
38
Six Layers of the Cortex
-Cortical regions generally have six layers -Layers 5 and 6 consist of pyramidal cells = cells bodies of pyramidal neurons reside here --> major output layers -Apical (top) and basal (bottom) dendrites receive information from layer 4  major input layer -Pyramidal neurons are projection cells – project information to other cortical and subcortical areas
39
Internal Systems and Subcortical Regions
-Thalamus -Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland -Cingulate Gyrus -Amygdala -Hippocampus -Stria Terminalis -Caudate -Substantia Nigra
40
Thalamus
major relay station for sensory information coming into cerebral cortex
41
Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
neurohormone center, biological rhythms, hunger/thirst, body temperature, sexual drive
42
Cingulate Gyrus
attention
43
Amygdala
fear processing, appetitive behavior, emotion "center"
44
Hippocampus
learning and memory formtion
45
Stria Terminalis
sex and threat responses; integration of hormonal signals; basal part of the stria terminalis is involved in appetitive behavior and emotion regulation
46
Caudate
habit formation
47
Substantia Nigra
consists of cell bodies of neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. Involved in movement continuation
48
Brainstem
-Midbrain, pons medulla -Axons coming and going between spinal cord and brain -Controls head, eyes, gaze -Autonomic / automatic functions -Superior Colliculus -Inferior Colliculus
49
Superior Colliculius
visual information processing – particularly, processes gaze information
50
Inferior Colliculus
auditory information processing
51
Pons
attached to the cerebellum and contains motor control and sensory nuclei; gives rise to the cranial nerves
52
Medulla
-contains cranial nerve nuclei and marks the transition from brain to spinal cord --Involved in breathing and heartrate regulation
53
Cranial Nerves
-Bundles of axons -Within a nerve, different axons control sensory and motor processing
54
Cerebellum
-Fine motor control -Gait, balance -Muscle coordination

Behavioral Neuroscience (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions