What I don't know

Question 1

Components of hindbrain

Answer 1

• cerebellum
• pons
• reticular formation
• medulla oblongata

Question 2

components of midbrain

Answer 2

• tectum
• tagmentum

Question 3

forebrain

Answer 3

limbic system

Question 4

components of limbic system

Answer 4

• thalamus
• hypothalamus
• frontal lobe
• olfactory bulb
• amygdala
• hippocampus

Question 5

medulla oblongata function

Answer 5

breathing, heartbeat

Question 6

cerebellum function

Answer 6

fine muscle movement, coordination and balance

Question 7

reticular formation function

Answer 7

screens incoming sensory info

Question 8

pons function

Answer 8

respiration, movement, sleep

Question 9

tectum function

Answer 9

vision and hearing

Question 10

tegmentum function

Answer 10

learning behaviours that promote reward

Question 11

thalamus function

Answer 11

process sensory info and sends it to corresponding brain area

Question 12

hypothalamus function

Answer 12

eating, sleep, emotions
pituitary gland activation
homeostasis

Question 13

amygdala function

Answer 13

emotional processing and recognition (especially fear)

Question 14

hippocampus function

Answer 14

memory formation

Question 15

cerebral laterality

Answer 15

left and right brain hemispheres have specialised abilities

Question 16

difference between sensation and perception

Answer 16

sensation- registering info through the 5 senses
perception- organising and interpreting sensations

Question 17

where are senses processed?

Answer 17

thalamus

Question 18

absolute sensation threshold

Answer 18

minimum amount of energy required for sense detection

Question 19

Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

Answer 19

the smallest difference in stimuli detectable

Question 20

Weber’s Law

Answer 20

size of JND proportional to size of initial stimulus.

initial stimulus small = JND small
initial stimulus great = JND great

Question 21

Feschner’s Law

Answer 21

using Weber’s Law to predict the people’s perceived experience of stimuli intensity

Question 22

light adaptation

Answer 22

receptor becomes less sensitive after exposure to bright light

Question 23

dark adaptation

Answer 23

receptor becomes more sensitive after exposure to dim lighting

Question 24

rods

Answer 24

• black and white
• night vision
• more rods than cones

Question 25

cones

Answer 25

- colour vision - bright light

Question 26

trichromatic theory

Answer 26

we see colour based on 3 cones cells in retina: - short waves (blue) - medium waves (green) - long waves (red)

Question 27

Opponent Process Theory

Answer 27

3 receptors: - red-green - blue-yellow - black-white

Question 28

proprioception

Answer 28

info about body's position and movement

Question 29

6 gestalt principles

Answer 29

- figure-ground - proximity - similarity - good continuation - closure - simplicity

Question 30

6 pictorial depth cues

Answer 30

- elevation - relative size - familiar size - texture gradient - haze - shadowing

Question 31

bottom-up processing

Answer 31

taking info from senses first, THEN brain interprets it after

Question 32

top-down processing

Answer 32

brain fills in blanks of what you sense based on what it ALREADY knows

Question 33

Freudian dream theory

Answer 33

dreams are fulfillments of unconscious wishes that would otherwise be forbidden

Question 34

Cognitive dream theory

Answer 34

dreams are ways of thinking of solutions for current concerns

Question 35

Activation-synthesis dream theory

Answer 35

dreams are random firing of neurons needed for overnight memory consolidation

Question 36

stimulus generalisation

Answer 36

stimuli similar to the original CS trigger the CR

Question 37

stimulus discrimination

Answer 37

subject only reacts to narrow CS

Question 38

blocking

Answer 38

a new CS can't be paired with a response because an existing CS already has an outcome

Question 39

latent inhibition

Answer 39

familiar CS cant be paired with new response because it was already previously unsuccesfully paired

Question 40

extinction

Answer 40

CS is repeatedly shown without UCS, so association is unlearned

Question 41

spontaneous recovery

Answer 41

retraining previously extinct CS can come back very quickly

Question 42

ratio schedule

Answer 42

reinforcement is delivered when a certain number of responses are given

Question 43

interval schedule

Answer 43

reinforcement is locked out after administration and is only given after time has passed

Question 44

fixed interval schedules

Answer 44

target response is reinforced after fixed amount of time

Question 45

variable interval schedule

Answer 45

amount of time between reinforcements cares unpredictably

Question 46

fixed ratio schedule

Answer 46

fixed number of correct responses between reinforcements

Question 47

variable ration schedules

Answer 47

number of correct responses between between reinforcements varies unpredictably

Question 48

thinking

Answer 48

manipulating mental representations from perception and memory.

Question 49

theory of mind

Answer 49

everyone's mental states are different

Question 50

basic level category concepts

Answer 50

- broad category - operational level

Question 51

subordinate category concepts

Answer 51

- narrow category where specific attributes are shared - visual

Question 52

superordinate category concepts

Answer 52

- abstract, few common features shared - words

Question 53

inductive reasoning

Answer 53

- general conclusions based on evidence and probabilities - good inductive ≠ correct conclusion

Question 54

deductive reasoning

Answer 54

- drawing conclusions based on assumptions - good deductive = correct conclusions

Question 55

heuristics

Answer 55

mental shortcuts that often give right answer, but not guaranteed

Question 56

availability heuristic

Answer 56

judge likelihood of an event based on how easily they can be recalled

Question 57

representative heuristic

Answer 57

judging likelihood of belonging to a group based on similarity to other members of the group

Question 58

elements of language

Answer 58

- phonemes - morphemes - phrases - sentences

Question 59

what age are speech sounds first heard?

Answer 59

6-12 months

Question 60

what age are words first heard?

Answer 60

12-18 months

Question 61

what age are phrases first heard?

Answer 61

18-20 months

Question 62

what age sentences heard?

Answer 62

4 years

Question 63

nurture theory of language development

Answer 63

believed that verbal abilities are acquired by conditioning from people around you (parents)

Question 64

nature theory of language development

Answer 64

believed to have innate structures for acquiring language

Question 65

critical period hypothesis

Answer 65

period when brain is maximally sensitive to language