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Geography Unit 1 > What Is Geography? > Flashcards

What Is Geography? Flashcards

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1
Q

Geography

A

The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on earth; Greek word first used by the scholar Eratosthenes; geo=earth, graphy=to write

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2
Q

Two basic questions of geography

A

Where? Why there?

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3
Q

Divisions of geography

A

Physical and human

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4
Q

Physical geography

A

Rocks and minerals, landforms, soils, animals, plants, water, atmosphere, water bodies, environment, climate and weather

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5
Q

Human geography

A

Population, settlements, economic activities, transportation, recreational activities, religion, political systems, social traditions, human migration, and agricultural systems

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6
Q

Five themes of geography

A

Place, region, interaction, location, and movement

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7
Q

Place

A

Human features, physical features; characteristics that uniquely define a place and impart meaning to its inhabitants

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8
Q

Human-environmental interaction

A

People adapt to and change the environment; how the environment has determined how people live and how people have changed the environment

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9
Q

Location

A

Latitude and longitude, relative location

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10
Q

Movement

A

Movement of information, ideas, goods, and people; connects people and regions

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11
Q

Four ways to identify location

A

Place name (toponym), mathematical location (absolute location), site (absolute location), and situation (relative location)

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12
Q

Perception of place

A

Toponym, situation

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13
Q

Townships

A

Land ordinance of 1785

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14
Q

Types of movement

A

Cyclical and migratory

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15
Q

Region

A

The cultural landscape; regional studies approach; each region has its own distinctive landscape that results from unique social relationships and physical processes

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16
Q

Types of regions

A

Formal, functional, perceptual

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17
Q

Formal region

A

Everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristic

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18
Q

Functional region

A

Area organized around a focal point

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19
Q

Perceptual region

A

Exists as a part of cultural identity (the south)

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20
Q

Spatial association

A

Tries to explain why regions express distinctive features

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21
Q

Purpose of regions

A

Comparison

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22
Q

Cultural ecology

A

The study of human-environment relationships

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23
Q

Environmental determinism

A

How the environment causes social development

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24
Q

Possiblism

A

The physical environment may limit some human activities, but we can adapt

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25
Four processes to understand the distribution of human activities
Climate, vegetation (biospheres=forests, grasslands, savannas, and deserts), soil (erosion, nutrients, soil depletion, etc), and landforms
26
Spatial distribution
The regular arrangement of a phenomenon across earth's surface
27
Properties of spatial distribution
Density, concentration, and pattern
28
Density
The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area
29
Arithmetic density
Total number of people over total land area
30
Physiological density
Number of people per unit of arable land
31
Agricultural density
Number of farmers to the total amount of arable land
32
Concentration
The spread of something over a given study area;can either be clustered or dispersed; same land area, same number of objects
33
Pattern
The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area; usually a square or rectangle
34
Diffusion
Two types; relocation and expansion
35
Hearth
Where an innovation originates
36
Relocation diffusion
Spread through the physical movement of people
37
Expansion diffusion
The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process; hierarchal (spreads from a person of power), contagious (rapid, widespread), stimulus (spread of an underlying principle)
38
Distance decay
The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
39
Spatial interaction
Movement of people, goods, and ideas within and among regions
40
Uneven development
The increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from globalization of the economy
41
Core
USA, Europe, and Japan; wealthy, powerful, control media and finance, technologically advanced
42
Periphery
Less developed, poor, dependent on core countries for education, technology, media, and military equipment
43
Globalization
The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, political and cultural change. Cultural, economic, and environmental effects of globalization are highly contested
44
Space
The physical gap between objects
44
Connections
Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
45
Economic globalization
Goods and services; imports and exports as a portion of a nation's income
46
Cultural globalization
Must have common form of communication; local vs. global culture
47
Maps
2d representations of the earth's surface; most important geographic tool; used as reference tool or communications tool; they have authors, biases, and they can lie
48
Grid system
Includes poles, latitude, and longitude
49
Latitude
Parallels; angular distance north or south from equator; measured from 0 degrees to 90 degrees; each degree is 111km (69mi)
50
Longitude
Meridians; east to west; time depends on it; each time zone is 15 degrees longitude
51
Equator
0 degrees latitude
52
Prime meridian
0 degrees longitude; runs through Greenwich, England
54
International dateline
180 degrees longitude; 24 hours forward going west, back going east
55
Transferring a globe onto a flat surface always...
Causes distortions
56
Properties of distortion
Area (larger or smaller), shape (longer or more squat), distance (increased or decreased), and direction (changed)
57
Conic map
Projected as a cone; shows shape accurately, but distorts places far east or west
58
Cylindrical
Projected as a cylinder; whole earth on one map
59
Mercator
Elongated poles and squat around equator
60
Goode's interrupted
Cuts off some of the ocean; accurate land masses but incorrect distances
61
Robinson
Accurate size and shape but flat poles
62
Planar map
Azimuthal; show a flat surface; shows the shortest distance between two places; distance is accurate but size and shape are distorted
63
Scale
Ratio between something on a map to something on earth
64
Ways to represent scale
Verbally, graphically, and/or as a fraction
65
The larger the scale...
The less detail there is
66
The smaller the scale...
The more detail there is
67
Topographic map
Surface area in high detail, physical and human features
68
Thematic maps
Point symbols (dot density, proportional circles), area symbols (different colors or patterns, cartograms), and line symbols (non-quantitive {roads}, quantitive {isolines}, and flow line maps)
69
Geotechnology
Remote sensing, GPS, and GIS

Geography Unit 1 (1 decks)

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