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Sociology > What Is sociology > Flashcards

What Is sociology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Sociology?

A

The scientific study of social behavior and human groups to the benefit of the society.

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2
Q

Why do we study sociology?

A
  • To establish our own opinion/ views of society
  • To help make informed decisions based on the knowledge about society
  • To help reform new laws and policies for the government.
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3
Q

What is the benefit of sociological studies

A
  • social imagination

- help the government create laws and policies to benefit the society

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4
Q

What is social imagination?

A

The ability to look at your own society from the perspective of an outsider without the experience and personal biases.

An awareness of the relationship between and individual and wider society

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5
Q

Sociological Theories

A

A set of statements that seek to explain problems,explanation of action or behaviors

A good theory is both explanatory and have predictive power

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6
Q

What are the 3 sociological theories ?

A
  1. functional perspective
  2. conflict perspective
  3. interactionist perspective
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7
Q

What is Functional Perspective ?

A

It is the perspective that emphasizes on the way society is structured to maintain stability .

It sees Society as a network of connected parts which help maintain the system as a whole.

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8
Q

Name and explain the two types of functional perspectives?

A

Manifest- is the clearly stated , conscious functions

Latent- unintended , unconscious functions

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9
Q

What is conflict perspective?

A

The sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understand in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups

Conflicts theory emphasized on social change , redistribution of resource and how society’s institutes help maintain the privileges of some groups and keep others in subservient positions.

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10
Q

What are the two conflict views?

A

Feminist View and Marxist View on class conflict

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11
Q

Explain the Feminists View

A

The sociological approach that views unequal in gender as the general to all behaviors and organizations .

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12
Q

Marxist View on Class Conflict

A

Views the struggle between social classes as inevitable, given the exploitation of workers under capitalism

Marx focuses on society being divided between two classes that clash in pursuit of their own interests

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13
Q

The interactionist perspective

A

The perspective that looked at society as a whole and is micro focused looking at our everyday social interactions.

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14
Q

The scientific method

A

A systematic series of steps to ensure maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem.

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15
Q

Steps in the scientific method

A
  1. Define the problem
  2. Review literature
  3. Formulate a testable hypothesis
  4. collect data , experiment or make observations
  5. Develop a conclusion
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16
Q

What is culture

A

The learned customs , knowledge, material objects and behaviors including ideas , values and artifacts of groups of people

Could also be objects and ideas within society
Like Music , slang words , ice-cream comes

17
Q

There are two types of culture

A

Materials culture

Non material culture

18
Q

Explain material culture

A

The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives

Food , houses , Factories and raw materials

19
Q

Non material culture

A 
Ways of using materials objects 
Customs 
Beliefs
Philosophies 
Communication
20
Q

Culture Lag

A

The period of maladjustment.

When the non material is struggling to adapt to new material conditions

21
Q

What is a society

A

A group of people who share a common culture and territory

22
Q

Diffusion

A

The spread of cultural items from one group to another or one society to another

23
Q

How does diffusion occurs?

A 
Through exploration 
Military conquests 
Missionary work 
Mass media 
Tourism 
The internet
24
Q

What are the 4 elements of culture ?

A

Language
Norma
Sanctions
Values

25
Q

Language

A

Language is the foundation to every culture

The ability to speak other language is crucial for intercultural relations

It serves to shape the reality of culture

26
Q

Norms

A

The established behaviors maintained by a society

Widely shared

27
Q

There are two types of norms state and explain respectively.

A
  1. Formal Norms - written down and specify strict punishment for violators .
  2. Informal Norms - generally understands but not precisely recorded .
28
Q

Mores

A

Norms that are highly necessary to welfare of society and violation can lead to serve penalties

29
Q

Folkways

A

Norms governing everyday behaviors , playing an important role in shaping society and violation raises little concern

30
Q

Sanctions

A

Rewards or Penalties put forth in informing a social norm

31
Q

Values

A

A collective conception on what’s considered good , desirable , prober and vise versa
They indicate what people find important and morally right or wrong
This influences people’s behavior

32
Q

Dominant ideology

A

A set of cultural practices that help maintain powerful social ,economic and political interests

33
Q

Subculture

A

Cultural pattern that differs From the pattern of dominant society.

The culture existing within a large dominant culture

34
Q

Counter culture

A

When a subculture noticeably opposes certain aspects of larger culture

35
Q

Culture shock

A

The disoriented , uncertain fearful feeling when experiencing unfamiliar culture

36
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The assumption that ones own culture is superior to all others and represents a norm

37
Q

Culture relativism

A

Viewing people’s behavior from perspective of own culture , prioritizing understanding other instead of dismissing them as strange or exotic

38
Q

Explain the History of Sociology

A

Sociology was started by French Philosopher - August’s Comte in 1838 he is better known as the “Father of Sociology “

Many Events such as the political revolution , industrial revolution , rise of capitalism and socialism , contributed to the development of Sociology

Pioneers all had an interest in how the social world worked and used sociology to bring about social concerns and enforce social change.

Sociology (3 decks)

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