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sociology > what is sociology - yr10 topic 1 > Flashcards

what is sociology - yr10 topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

macro sociology

A

structural theory

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2
Q

micro sociology

A

action theory

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3
Q

functionalism

A

structural theory, consensus (positive, everyone benefits)

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4
Q

marxism

A

structural theory, conflict (class inequality)

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5
Q

feminism

A

structural theory, conflict(gender inequality)

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6
Q

nature

A

the belief that our characteristics and behaviour is something based on biology

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7
Q

nuture

A

the belief that our characteristics and behaviour is learned from the environment we were bought up in through socialisation and culture

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8
Q

do sociologists focus on nature or nurture

A

nurture because they focus their attention on the way society works rather than the influence of biology

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9
Q

canalisation

A

when parents channel their children’s interests with toys and games or other gender appropriate activities

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10
Q

feral child

A

a child with no human contact and is often thought to have been raised by animals

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11
Q

society

A

A group of people who share a culture or a way of life.

British Society

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12
Q

norms

A

The rules that define appropriate and expected behaviour.

Putting hand up in class

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13
Q

values

A

Beliefs and ideas about what is seen as desirable or worth striving for in a society.

Respect

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14
Q

culture

A

The whole way of life of a particular society or social group. Culture includes the values, norms, customs, beliefs, knowledge, skills, and language of the group or society.

British Culture

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15
Q

social structures

A

The parts or institutions that make up society, such as families, education and stratification systems (class)

family or education

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16
Q

social processes

A

Processes in society that involve interaction between individuals, groups or social structures e.g. process of socialisation or social control.

Socialisation or Social Control

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17
Q

social control

A

The way our behaviour is regulated. It can be formal (police) and informal (family and friends)

Police or family

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18
Q

socialisation

A

Describes the process by which we learn the culture, norms and values of society we are born into.

Primary/Secondary

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19
Q

primary socialisation

A

Refers to early childhood learning during which, as babies and infants, we learn the basic behaviour patterns, language and skills that we need for later life.

Manners or Potty training (Family)

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20
Q

secondary socialisation

A

Begins later in childhood and continues throughout our adult lives. Through this process we learn Society’s norms and values.

Education/Work

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21
Q

agent of socialisation

A

A social group or institution responsible for undertaking socialisation

Family

School

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22
Q

social issues

A

The issues that affect communities, groups and people’s lives. Social issues are often social problems

Crime

Poverty

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23
Q

social problems

A

The problems facing society. They are seen as damaging or harmful to society and therefore need to be tackled or solved through social policies.

Rise in gang crime

Rise in Homeless

Boys Underachievement

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24
Q

social policies

A

A set of plans and actions put in place by the government or other organisations in order to address social problems.

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25
social cohesion
a sense of belonging to a wider society
26
value consensus
beliefs that are commonly shared by a particular social group
27
collective conscience
shared belief and values that bind communities together and regulate individual behaviour
28
social order
how society is constructed and maintained
29
theoretical perspective
approach that provides a set of ideas to explain the social world
30
what is the main idea of functionalism
The main idea of functionalism is having shared beliefs and everyone agrees.
31
2 examples of functionalists
Parsons Durkheim
32
one weakness of functionalism
it neglects problems in society
33
one strength of functionalism
it explains purposes of social institutions
34
how do functionalists believe society works
Functionalists believe that society works like the human body; each function works together to maintain health and life.
35
what is marxism
Marxism is the belief that society is based on class struggle and they work on eradicating class conflict
36
bourgeoisie
the owners of factories and large businesses who make lots of profit
37
proletariat
the working class who work for the bourgeoisie
38
capitalism
an economic and political system where trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.
39
the means of production
the factories, land or business which makes the wealth
40
inequality
the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society
41
conflict
where there is a disagreement between different groups in society
42
what is feminism
Feminists believe that society is patriarchal and is controlled by men. They can take on some marxist views such as the conflict theory but instead of it being about classes it is about the division between men and women. They think women's rights are more important than anything and that they need to eradicate gender inequality.
43
radical feminists
they want to completely uproot patriarchy
44
liberal feminists
work within the system to achieve gender equality through legal reforms.
45
marxist feminists
they connect women's oppression to capitalism and seek economic justice.
46
gender
the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed
47
sex
the biological differences between male and females
48
inequality
uneven distribution of power and resources
49
discrimination
the unfair treatment of a group
50
patriarchy
a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it.
51
strength of feminism
helps to address and better understand unequal and oppressive gender relations
52
weakness of feminism
it is from a woman-centered viewpoint
53
weakness of marxism
focusing too much on class and too little on other categories
54
strength of marxism
Marxism highlights the importance of economic factors and class relations in shaping societies
55
sociology
is the scientific study and human behaviour
56
theory
looking at society through different lenses
57
identity
about how we see and define ourselves and how other people see us
58
theoretical perspective
an approach that provides a set of ideas to explain the social world
59
the brain
is religion
60
the heart
is family
61
economy
the lungs
62
stomach
legal system
63
intestines
education
64
reproductive organs
health systems (NHS)
65
functionalists and marriage
they argue that marriage is a positive and is the backbone of society
66
feminists and marriage
they argue that marriage is mainly a negative thing and is a way for men to control women
67
marxists and marriage
they argue that while marriage seems like a good thing it is actually a way to make more money for the richer social classes
68
who is oxana malaya
a Ukrainian girl who was neglected by her alcoholic parents and she found support from a pack of dogs when she was first found she would bark, she slept on the floor and behaved like a dog she lived with dogs for 6 years but had no abnormalities when she was born so it was a case of nurture rather than nature
69
girls vs boys toys experiment
girls toys are usually soft toys and bears which develop caring qualities for jobs such as teachers of stay at hoe wife’s (these are usually the lowest paying jobs) boys toys are usually puzzles and cars which develop spatial awareness qualities for jobs in STEM(which are the highest paying jobs)

sociology (4 decks)

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