What is Statistics : Chapter 1

Question 1

Individuals

Answer 1

Objects that are described by a set of data. EX: People, animals, and things

Question 2

Variables

Answer 2

Characteristics, numbers, and quantities related to various individuals. EX: Numerical and Categorical variables

Question 3

Categorical variables

Answer 3

Variables that describe an individual by placing them into different groups (categories)
EX: Gender

Question 4

Quantitative Variable

Answer 4

Variables that are measured by numbers. EX: Population, shoe sizes, milage

Question 5

Distribution

Answer 5

Distribution tells us what all the possible values are in a data set and how often they occur.

Question 6

Inference

Answer 6

A conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning.

Question 7

Association

Answer 7

The relationship between two variables. EX: When knowing the value of one variable predicts the value of another

Question 8

Two-way tables

Answer 8

A table that organizes the data of two categorical variables measured for the same set of individuals.

Question 9

Symmetric Distribution

Answer 9

The data set presents a graph that mirrors itself on the left and right. EX: a parabola

Question 10

Skewed right

Answer 10

The data set presents a graph where there are less data points on the right side. EX: the tail of the graph would be on the right side of the graph

Question 11

Skewed left

Answer 11

The data set presents a graph where there are less data points on the left side. EX: The tail of the graph is on the left side of the graph

Question 12

Stemplots

Answer 12

Stemplots separate data by ones and tens in order to show data frequency and a quick idea of what a graph will look like.

Question 13

Data Analysis

Answer 13

Organizing, displaying, summarizing, and asking questions about a certain topic.

Question 14

Frequency Table

Answer 14

Displays the frequencies of certain results in a data set

Question 15

Roundoff Error

Answer 15

The difference between an approximation of a number computation and its exact value.

Question 16

Pie Chart

Answer 16

Graph that displays categorical variables by using sections of a “pie” to represent various percentages and frequencies within a data set.

Question 17

Bar Graph

Answer 17

Graph that displays each category as a bar, the height of the bar depends on the frequencies of various variables.

Question 18

Side by Side Bar Graph

Answer 18

Bar graphs that represent two separate categories displayed across the x-axis in different colors.

Question 19

Center

Answer 19

The median or mean of a data set. EX: measures of center

Question 20

Spread

Answer 20

The range of a data set. EX: measures of spread

Question 21

Departures

Answer 21

A value that lies outside the overall pattern of a data set.

Question 22

Outlier

Answer 22

A data point that varies from the rest of the data point. EX: 1,2,4,6,91….91 is the outlier

Question 23

Mode

Answer 23

The most frequent value in a data set. EX: 1,2,3,3,3,3,4…..3 is the mode

Question 24

Overall Pattern

Answer 24

The pattern of distribution which includes shape, center, and spread of the data.

Question 25

Unimodal Dot Plot

Answer 25

A dot plot that consists of only one peak.

Question 26

Bimodal Dot Plot

Answer 26

A dot plot that contains two peaks.

Question 27

Mean

Answer 27

The average of a data set. Mean is represented by a symbol that is x with a horizontal line above it. Mean = sum of all values/ number of values (x bar) x̅ = ∑xi / n

Question 28

Median

Answer 28

The midpoint of the data set

Question 29

Range

Answer 29

Calculates the full spread of the data and is used to see variance. EX: subtract the lower extreme from the upper extreme

Question 30

First Quartile

Answer 30

The first fourth of a data set, on the left of the median.

Question 31

Third Quartile

Answer 31

The third fourth of a data set, on the right of the median.

Question 32

1.5 Outlier Rule

Answer 32

If a data point is less than (Q 1 - 1.5 x IQR) or more than (Q3 + 1.5 x IQR), it is an outlier.

Question 33

Interquartile Range (IQR)

Answer 33

Measures statistical dispersion by finding the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles (Q3 and Q1).

Question 34

Relative Frequency Table

Answer 34

Displays the percentage (relative frequencies) that occur in each recorded category

Question 35

Marginal Distribution

Answer 35

The distribution of values among all represented individuals

Question 36

Conditional Distribution

Answer 36

Describes the values of variables among specific values of certain individuals. EX: think about conditional probability

Question 37

Segmented Bar Graph

Answer 37

Bars are stacked on top of one another to represent various categories of a whole.

Question 38

Dot plot

Answer 38

A graph that shows quantitative data by using dots to represent frequencies of a specific category.

Question 39

Departures

Answer 39

A value that lies outside the rest of the data's pattern.

Question 40

Stem (Stemplot)

Answer 40

The digits in the tens place located on a stemplot.

Question 41

Leaf (Stemplot)

Answer 41

The digits in the ones place located on a stemplot.