What role do health care facilities and services play in achieving health for all Australians? Flashcards

1
Q

Institutional health facilities and services

A
  • Public and private acute care hospitals
  • public psychiatric hospitals
  • nursing homes and hostels
  • ambulance
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2
Q

Non-institutional health facilities and services

A
  • medical servies e.g. GP
  • Dental
  • Pharmaceutical
  • Admin and research
  • Other health services
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3
Q

Primary health care

A
  • GPS
  • nurses
  • midwives
  • dentists
  • aboriginal health workers
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4
Q

Secondary health care

A

Referral by a GP
- hospital or clinic
- therapists, psychiatrists
- physiotherapists

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5
Q

Responsibility of the Commonwealth Government

A
  • Formation of national health policies
  • collection of taxes to finance the health system
  • Pharmaceutical funding
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6
Q

Responsibility of the State Government

A
  • Hospital services
  • Mental health
  • Home and community care
  • dental health
  • Women’s health
  • Family health services
  • health promotion
  • immunisation programs
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7
Q

Responsibility of the local government

A
  • Environmental control
  • Meals on Wheels
  • Antenatal clinics
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8
Q

Responsibility of the private sector

A
  • Private hospitals
  • dentists
  • private health insurance
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9
Q

Responsibility of community groups

A
  • Cancer Council, Dads in Distress, Diabetes Australia etc
  • encourage preventative health strategies through the community
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10
Q

Equity of access to health facilities and services (for)

A
  • Medicare
  • PBS
  • Bulk Billing
  • special government programs
  • language support
  • royal flying doctor services
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11
Q

Equity of access to health facilities and services (Against)

A
  • People with low SES unable to access full healthcare as some medicare services are not free of charge
  • Low SES also means lower levels of education, meaning less knowledge of risk factors and protective measures
  • Rural and remote communities lack access to amount of health services that urban areas have
  • Immigrant populations may also face language barrier issues
  • Those with lower levels of education may not be aware or know how to navigate the PBS scheme
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12
Q

Health care expenditure

A

Is the allocation of funding and other economic resources for the provision and consumption of health services:
1. Recurrent expenditure - regular ongoing costs such as salaries, bandages etc.
2. Capital expenditure - infrequent costs on infrastructure such as buildings and health care facilities

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13
Q

Expenditure on prevention and early intervention

A
  • Reducing the likelihood that a disease or disorder will affect an individual
  • major prevention activities include good hygiene, safe environments, sanitation, good food and a good water supply
  • The biggest early intervention strategy currently used in Australia is cancer screening programs e.g. breast, prostate , cervix and skin
  • more than 90% of health expenditure is allocated to curative services
  • increasing the funds for preventative care includes: overall cost-effectiveness in the long-term, improvements to quality of life, improved access and education, maintenance of social equity, the reinforcement of individual responsibility for health, reduce impact on carers and increased life expectancy
  • e.g. cancer screening programs and childhood vaccinations
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14
Q

Positive impacts of emerging new treatments and technologies on health care

A
  • more effective/reliable
  • less invasive
  • can allow earlier detection
  • can reduce the number of follow ups
  • technologies are easier to access as they are mobile
  • shorter recovery times
  • reducing burden of disease on individuals and communities
  • new drugs e.g. chemotherapy
  • ultrasounds
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15
Q

negative impacts of emerging new treatments and technologies on health care

A
  • new technologies and treatments are more costly
  • only available in certain hospitals and areas, generally urban cities
  • leads to further increase in the ageing of our population and the rise in chronic diseases
  • if not subsidised by medicare, low SES people may not be able to access expensive treatments
  • little access in rural and remote areas
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16
Q

Benefits of Medicare health insurance

A
  • Provides basic health care to all Australians at a low cost
  • free, basic health care
  • bulk billing
  • Pharmaceutical Benefits scheme
17
Q

Disadvantages of medicare health insurance

A
  • Bulk billing might not be available in all areas
  • Gap amount needs to be paid
  • waiting lists for surgery
  • no choice of doctor/hospital
  • does not cover ancillary services e.g dentist
18
Q

Advantages of private health insurance

A
  • covers private hospitals and ancillary expenses
  • shorter waiting lists for surgery and treatment
  • staying in hospitals of their own choice
  • choice of doctor
  • overseas health cover
  • private rooms in hospitals
19
Q

Disadvantages of private health insurance

A
  • cost
  • leads to out of pocket costs
  • life time over: increased cost if join over age of 30
  • waiting periods can be lengthy
20
Q

What are complementary and alternative health approaches?

A

complementary: in addition to traditional approach
alternative: in replace of traditional approach

21
Q

what are the reasons for growth of complementary and alternative health approaches?

A
  • shifts away from drugs and surgery
  • encourages the use of non-chemical products
  • lower cost than traditional methods
  • trusted by many people
  • more holistic approach to health
  • growing multiculturalism in Australia
  • WHO credited these approaches
22
Q

What are examples of these approaches?

A
  • acupuncture
  • Aromatherapy
  • Naturopathy
  • chiropractic
  • herbalism
  • massages
  • tai chi
  • meditation
23
Q

How to make informed consumer choices?

A
  • consumers must research the nature of health services offered by investigating:
  • What is the treatment offered?
  • what are the benefits of the treatment?
  • what are the qualifications?
  • how much will the treatment cost?
    Gather information about the creator of the product
    check certifications and consumer results