What's in cells? Flashcards
(21 cards)
Where are eukaryotic cells found?
In plants, animals, fungi and protists
How big are eukaryotic cells?
10-100 micrometres in size.
What is a prokaryote?
A prokaryote is an organism made up of prokaryotic cells.
How big are prokaryotic cells?
0.1 -5.0 micrometres
What is a eukaryote?
A eukaryote is an organism made up of eukaryotic cells.
What are bacteria?
They are prokaryotic
What are plasmids and what kind of cells are they in?
Prokaryotic cells may have one or more small rings of DNA, which are called plasmids.
What do plasmids do?
These plasmids can replicate (have copies made) and move between cells so that genetic information can be shared.
Name three things that prokaryotic cells dont have.
Prokaryotic cells do NOT contain
mitochondria (where respiration takes place)
chloroplasts (where photosynthesis takes place).
a nucleus (where DNA is stored).
Where is the genetic material in prokaryotic held
Instead, most of their genetic material is stored in a single DNA loop in the cytoplasm.
What sub-cellular structures are there in an animal cell?
Cell membrane. Nucleus. Ribosomes. Mitochondria. Cytoplasm.
What kind of barrier is the cell membrane and what does it do?
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier between the inside and outside of the cell.
It controls the entry and exit of substances from the cell.
What is the nucleas and what sub-cellular structure does it contain?
The nucleus is the control centre of the cell and contains chromosomes, which contain the cell’s genetic material.
What does ribosomes do?
Ribosomes are responsible for making proteins.
What does the mitochondria do?
Mitochondria are where aerobic respiration take place and are required for releasing energy.
What is the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid and is where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place.
What additional sub-cellular structures does a plant cell have?
A vacuole.
Chloroplasts.
A cell wall.
What is a vacuole?
A vacuole is a fluid-filled sac that stores water.
It is enclosed in a membrane and can make up as much as 90% of a plant cell’s volume
What do chloroplast contain and what do they do?
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is needed for the process of photosynthesis.
What does the cell wall do?
The cell wall surrounds the cell and is made of cellulose.
The cell wall increases the structural strength of the cell.
How does differentiation work differently for animal cells and plant cells?
Plants cells can differentiate throughout their lives, whereas most animal cells differentiate early on in their development.
