What Was Marxism Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is Marxism?
A political philosophy developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th Century
It is a response to the poor economic and social conditions of workers during the industrial revolution.
What did Marx and Engels argue shaped history?
The struggle between classes within economic systems
As economies develop, what happens to social conditions?
Changes in conditions lead to the rise of new classes
What do new classes do as they emerge?
Agitate to promote their interests, leading to revolution and a new economic system
In Marxism, who dominates capitalist society?
Capitalists (bourgeoisie) who exploit the working class (proletariat)
What did Marx predict would happen to workers?
Workers would rise up against the bourgeoisie, leading to a socialist revolution
What is the goal of the new economic system envisioned by Marx?
To be run for the benefit of workers rather than business owners
What is Primitive Communism?
Hunter-gatherer societies with shared resources and no social distinctions or private property
What led to the creation of hierarchies and classes in society?
The agricultural revolution
What characterizes Feudalism?
An agricultural society where land ownership equals wealth, concentrated in the hands of landowners
Who are the majority in a Feudal society?
Serfs, slaves, or landless peasants
What emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
A wealthy middle class
What defines Capitalism?
An industrial society where businesses are run to profit the owner
What conditions do most workers face in a Capitalist society?
Oppressive conditions, leading to a socialist revolution
What is Socialism?
Workers take control of the means of production and share profits through democratic institutions
How are resources allocated in Socialism?
Based on need, not to maximize profit
What is a key characteristic of Communism?
Class distinctions wither away, leading to a classless society
How is property treated in Communism?
It is communally owned
In a Communist society, how does work and reward function?
Each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs
What is the common goal in a Communist society?
Everybody works together for a common good
