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British in India 1829-1858 > What were the immediate causes of the oitbreak of the rebellion in 1857 and why were the British able to retain control > Flashcards

What were the immediate causes of the oitbreak of the rebellion in 1857 and why were the British able to retain control Flashcards

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1
Q

What triggered the mutiny?

A

Enfield gun
Cartridges were rumoured to be greased with pig and cow fat
Indians refused to use the new guns as they saw it as an insult and attack on religion

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2
Q

What was the doctrine of lapse?

A

EIC could annex any princely state where there was a lack of proper male heir, ignored traditional adoption of heirs

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3
Q

When was the doctrine of lapse?

A

1848

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4
Q

What was the doctrine of paramountcy?

A

Britain right to annexe territory if the ruler was unwise, irresponsible or incompetent

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5
Q

When was the annexation of Awadh?

A

1856

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6
Q

How did they justify the annexation of Awadh?

A

It was ruled by Nawab wajid Ali Shad who was deemed as corrupt and lazy

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7
Q

Why did the EIC want Awadh?

A

It was a prosperous province, key for EIC to have control

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8
Q

What was Awadh used for?

A

The traditional recruiting grounds for sepoys

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9
Q

Why was the annexation so resented?

A

Land was taken from landowners if unable to prove legal title to their estate

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10
Q

How did the people respond to the annexation?

A

Participated in uprisings

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11
Q

What were some of Dalhouise’s economic reforms?

A

Passanger trains
Electric telegraph
Uniform postage
250 mile ganges canal

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12
Q

What were some of Dalhouise’s Social reforms?

A

Modern educational system
Elite higher education
Banned branding convicts
Banned female infanticide

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13
Q

When was the Hindu widows remarriage act?

A

1856

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14
Q

When was the Agra famine?

A

1837-1838

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15
Q

How many people died in the Agra famine?

A

800,000

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16
Q

How much did Dalhouise spend on relief concerning the Agra famine?

A

10 million rupees

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17
Q

What was the general service enlistment act?

A

New recruits would promise to cross the sea which would lead to ritual pollution and loss of caste

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18
Q

Why did the general service enlistment act cause tensions?

A

Old soldiers thought that the act would extend to all

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19
Q

When was the general service enlistment act?

A

1856

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20
Q

Where did the munity start?

A

Meerut

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21
Q

How did the mutiny start?

A

85 were jailed for refusing to use the new guns
Other sepoys freed the mutineers and ransacked military stations
Resulted in arrest and execution

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22
Q

Who was Bahadur Shah?

A

Mughal emporer

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23
Q

What was Bahadur Shah’s role in the. munity?

A

Was restored to power
Jointed the mutiny
Lacked importance

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24
Q

What happened to Rani Jhansi?

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A

Lost land when her husband died and had no male heir (doctrine of lapse)

25
When did Rani Jhansi die?
1858 as she was injured
26
Who was Nana Sahib?
Prince of Cawnpore Joined the rebelliob
27
How was Nana Sahib affected by the doctrine of lapse?
Denied pension and recognition
28
What happened at Cawnpore and Delhi?
EIC surrendered to Nan Sahib as they were promised safe conduct boats
29
How many were killed during the transfer?
400
30
How did the British react to loosing at Cawnpore?
Hung and killed innocent civilians Guilty were blown from a canon
31
When were the British massacred?
15 July, day before relief arrived
32
How long did the British hold out for at Lucknow?
5 months
33
How many people were sent over in the relief of Lucknow?
3000+
34
When did relief at Lucknow arrive?
25 September, 87 days after the seige had begun
35
Who were against the Pubjab sepyoys?
Sepoys of the Bengali army
36
Who were against the Sunni muslims?
Shia mulims
37
Who did the rebels not have support from?
The high caste hindus
38
Who was the Punjabi sikhs against?
Hindu and muslims
39
Why were the rebels not prepared?
Lacked leadership and military skills Rebellion was unplanned
40
Why did some people support the British?
They were prepared to pay tax as it was a better alternative
41
How did the British win in terms of weaponry?
Controlled artillery Gave sepoys inferior rifles Had more weapons
42
How many armies remained loyal to the British?
2/3
43
When was the governor of India act?
2 August 1858
44
What was the governor of India act?
EIC powers transferred to British India ruled directly by British gov
45
How was India governed after the rebellion?
Governor general became the viceroy of India
46
Who did the viceroy of India work with?
The council of India and 1500 workforce of India civil service
47
What was Queen Victoria's proclamation?
All Indian people were subjects of the crown Ended doctrine of lapse Uphold rights of 360 princes Removal of involvement in religion End racial discrimination
48
When was the Queen Victoria's proclamation?
1 november 1858
49
What terms of Queen Victoria's proclamation upheld?
Doctrine of lapse ended
50
Did christianity continue in India after the proclamation?
1858: 20 missionaries were sent over
51
What did the Indian pirnces have to swear?
Loyalty
52
What did the age of consent get raised to
10-12
53
What was the ratio of Indian to British soldiers changed to?
9:1 to 3:1
54
How was the army changed?
More diverse, less likely to create rebels/issues
55
What happened to the EIC company army?
Was disbanded and regular British troops were sent over
56
What was the Bengal rent act?
Property rights were given to tenant farmers and small landowners
57
When was the Bengal rent act?
1859
58
How many miles was the railway in 1861 compared to 1857?
1861: 1888 miles 1857: 288 miles

British in India 1829-1858 (3 decks)

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