1. filtration 2. reabsorption 3. secretion

1. frequency 2. urgency 3. burning

When good beans go bad Flashcards by Alexander Christy

renal roles (3)

filtration 2. reabsorption 3. secretion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how much blood is filtered/ minute

1 L

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

kidneys activate __________ to __________

vitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RBC production stimulated by

erythropoietin released by kidneys

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

renal artery is at what level

L1-L2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

renal lymph vessels drain into?

lumbar lymph nodes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

renal nerve plexus arising from T11-T12 possesses (3)

sympathetic
parasympathetic
visceral afferent fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

low birth weight adults may have as few as _________ nephrons/kidney. Normal is __________

250K

-1 Mil (^ surface area)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 types of nephrons

cortical
juxtamedullary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Majority of nephrons are ________, short loop of Henle. Most glomerular filtration done by these nephrones.

cortical nephrons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glomeruli located at border of cortex and outer medulla–long Loops of Henle. Focus on urine concetnratration.

Juxtamedullary nephrons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when kidney is injured, other kidney will

enlarge
^ GFR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ESRD

end stage renal disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

there is a “________ _____” where primary nephron loss leads to maladaptive deterioration which is why you as a PA want to help your pts protect their kidneys.

“tipping point”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

one of the highest vaso-constrictors in the body

angiotensin II

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

UTI presentation (3)

frequency
urgency
burning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Classic differentiation btwn UTI and pyelonephritis

no fever vs. febrile

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CVAT

Costro-vertebral angle tenderness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

w/ pyelonephritis you’ll see ______ and ____ ______ vs. UTI

proteinuria and WBC casts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

high nitrogenous waste in urine

azotemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

UTI aka should be considered complicated if found in

cystitis, urethritis–men, pregnant women, and children

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

those at risk for UTI

Diabetic, foley, pregnancy, immuno comprimissed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

UTI most likely bug

85% E. coli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

normal urine pH

acidic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

signs and symptoms of UTI (6)

1. burning 2. frequency 3. urgency 4. blood 5. dysuria 6. suprapubic abd pain

A Chem-strip 9 is not a full

urinalysis

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ every UTI

culture

\_\_\_\_ day course adequate for most uncomplicated UTI cases

\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, or ____ day course for complicated cases

7, 10, 14

^ nighttime urination

nocturia

interstitial cystitis is a dx of \_\_\_\_\_\_

exclusion--pain on distention of bladder

UTI appearance in older middle aged women w/ negative chem strip/ culture--pain on bladder distention and relief on voiding

interstitial cystitis--triggered by anticholinergics

acute pyelonephritis aka ^ due to

upper UTI, E. coli (95%)

PE of acute pyelonephritis

1. look sick 2. flank pain

infection of kidney--contrasted w/ non-infectious AKI

acute pyelonephritis

febrial patient sicker than UTI w/ flank pain

acute pyelonephritis

small kidneys associated w/

Chronic kidney disease

Renal ultrasound can show (4)f

1. # of kidneys 2. size 3. hydronephritis? 4. renal cysts?

hydronephritis suggests

obstruction

hematuria can be from (3)

1. infection 2. inflammation 3. malignancy--anywhere along urinary tract

Prerenal causes of AKI (3)

1. volume depletion 2. low BP 3. renal hemodynamci changes

Intrinsic renal causes of AKI (3)

1. vascular 2. glomerular 3. tubular

Postrenal causes of AKI (2)

1. mechanical obstruction 2. neurogenic bladder (lack of bladder control due to brain, SC, or nerve condition)

full urine work/up (6)

1. electrolytes 2. Ca++ 3. Phosphorus 4. creatinine 5. BUN 6. albumin

oliguria

\>300-500 cc urine

KUB

kidney, uriter, bladder X-ray

make-up of stone will effect

GROSS hematuria associated w/ (3)

1. stones 2. acute glomerulonepritis 3. tumor

OCCULT hematuria (not visible to naked eye) caused by

1. benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH 2. bladder or urethral infection

AKI is a _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, decline in renal function leading to build-up of _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Potentially reversible, nitrogenous waste

most commone form of acute kidney injury

acute tubular necrosis (intrinsic)

major causes of Acute Tubular Necrosis

1. ischemia 2. tonxins (NSAIDS, contrasts, etc.)

WBC casts associated w/ tubulointerstitial disease such as

1. pyelonephritis 2. acute interstitial nephritis

nearly 100% of intrinsic AKI will be (2)

1. Acute tubular necrosis 85% 2. acute interstitial nephritis 10-15%

unique to acute interstitial nephritis

eosinophils in UA sediment

urea in the blood

uremia

nausea, FLANK/BACK PAIN

polycystic kidney disease

+large palpable kidneys, HTN, Abdominal mass, and +FH (75%)

poylcystic kidney disease (dz w/ H&P and US then CT)

be careful of using constrast in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

diabetics

\_\_\_\_% of renal cell carcinoma pt's have hematuria

60%

Tx of renal cell carcinoma

1. radical vs. partial nephrectomy 2. chemo no effective

w/ renal cell carcinoma-- check liver function looking for

metastisis

RAS

renal artery stenosis

renal artery stenosis etiologies (3)

1. atherosclerosis (85%) 2. fibromuscular dysplasia (15%) 3. HTN (5%)

glycoprotein that controls RBC production

erythropoietin

a disease or symptom due to the presense of cancer in the body--not a form of mass effect

paraneoplastic syndrome

unexplained HTN in under 40 yo woman think

fibromuscular dysplasia

S and Sx of renal artery stenosis (5)

1. refractory HTN 2. new HTN onset in older pt 3. Pulm edema 4. AKI after initiating ACEI 5. ABDOMINAL BRUIT

gold standard for renal artery stenosis

renal andiogram

renal disfunction w/ finding of hematuia, proteinuria, edem, HTN, oliguria, azotemia, renal failure -- along spectrum of nephritic / nephrotic

glomerulonephritis aka GN

^ proteinuria \>3g/24hr, HYPOalbuminemia \<3g/dl, Edema think

nephrOTIC syndrome

Hematuria, RBC CASTS, Proteinuria .3-3 g/d think

NephrITIC syndrome

Disorders manifesting hematuria on nephritic side

1. post-infectious GN 2. IgA nephropathy 3. Good Pastures Syndrome 4. Lupus 5. Hep C

When good beans go bad Flashcards

(74 cards)