Whiplash

Question 1

Which structures are effected with whiplash?

Answer 1

• Joints
• Bones
• Discs
• ligaments
• Nervous system
• Muscles
• Vestibular system

Question 2

Describe the mechanism of injury with whiplash

Answer 2

Hyperflexion followed by hyperextension of the cervical spine

Question 3

What are the different grades of whiplash?

Answer 3

Grade 1:
Symptoms but no clinical presentation

Grade 2:
Symptoms with reduced ROM and tenderness

Grade 3:
Symptoms and reduced ROM with neurological signs

Grade 4:
Fracture

Question 4

Describe the clinical presentation of whiplash

Answer 4

Motor Dysfunction:

• Reduced ROM
• Altered muscle recruitment patterns
• Mechanical cervical instability

Sensorimotor Dysfunction:

• Loss of balance
• Disturbed eye movement control

Sensory dysfunction:
- Hypersensitivity

Other Symptoms:

• Tinnitus
• Malaise
• Dizziness