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Whiskey/whisky > whiskey/whisky > Flashcards

whiskey/whisky Flashcards

1
Q

Where can you find whisky?

A

USA, Canada, Scotland, Ireland, Japan

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2
Q

What do the countries have in common due to whisky? 2 things

A

Made from grains, matured in oak

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3
Q

what is the most important grains?

A

Barley, corn, wheat, rye

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4
Q

what is starch?

A

sugar molecules (glucose) that are bounded together

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5
Q

How can you convert the starch into fermentable sugars?

A

By malting and cooking

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6
Q

How can you release the sugar starch from the net when it comes to barley?

A

put the grains of barley in a warm, damp room -> they start to grow and releases chemicals called enzymes. Then it becomes green malt and you stop the process by heating the grains. =malted barley

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7
Q

What is mashing?

A

malted barley crushed into a coarse flour and mixed with hot water.

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8
Q

what does the heat of the water do to the flour?

A

unrolls the starch granules, enzymes convert starch into glucose = sweet liquid called wort

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9
Q

What does the hot air do to the aromas of the malted barley?

A

Smoky aromas

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10
Q

What do the distillers do with the other grains that are not malted?

A

cooks it like a master chef. Crush it, mix it with water, cook it at a high temp and blended with malted barley/bought in enzymes (not in Scotland)

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11
Q

Why is whisky distillers production varied?

A

Bc the limitation by local laws

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12
Q

How is whisky matured?

A

Most cases in oak for several years

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13
Q

Whisky are blends, how can you blend the whisky in different ways?

A

pronounced flavors with light flavors, different ages, different woods.

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14
Q

Name the most established reputations for whisky in USA

A

Bourbon, Tennessee

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15
Q

Where is the bourbon production located

A

Kentucky

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16
Q

What is the main ingredient in a bourbon?

A

Corn, 51%

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17
Q

What aromas does rye give?

A

spicy, rye-bread

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18
Q

What aromas does wheat give?

A

Bourbon dough, bread

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19
Q

what is mash bill and what purpose does it have?

A

for its enzymes, to influence the style depending on their needs

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20
Q

What kind of aromas can be found in a American bourbon?

A

banana, citrus

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21
Q

How are bourbon usually distilled?

A

Column stills

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22
Q

How is the bourbon matured and what aromas is the result of the maturation?

A

New charred-oak barrels = vanilla, coconut, sweet spice

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23
Q

Explain the malting barley process

A

1) starts to grow when warm and wet
2) starch granules unpack , enzymes that convert starch to sugar are released
3) hot air are used to stop the growing = also gives smoky aromas
4) now the starch is unpacked and the enzymes are ready to convert it to sugar during mashing

24
Q

how to convert starch into sugar?

A

boil it in water to make it unroll.

25
Q

What is the combination of grains that the distillers use to influence the style of spirit that is produced called?

A

The mash bill

26
Q

what kind of yeast does the bourbon distillers use?

A

unique selected yeast

27
Q

how is bourbon matured?

A

in new charred oak-barrels = vanilla, coconut, sweet spice

28
Q

how can you blend the bourbon whisky?

A

different mash bills, select spirit från different barrels around the warehouse, colour and flavor from the oak on top of the flor

29
Q

What grain must Tennessee whisky be made of?

A

51% corn

30
Q

what is the Lincoln County Process?

A

the newly made spirit must be filtered trough maple wood before it goes into barrel.

31
Q

What does the maple wood filtration do to the Tennessee whisky?

A

soften and smooth the spirit

32
Q

What grain must be mainly used when it comes to Rye?

A

Rye, 51 %

33
Q

what aromas does the rye give?

A

spicy, lemon zest, rye-bread and vanilla and sweet spice from the new oak barrels

34
Q

what does straight bourbon (rye whisky) indicate?

A

2 years in new oak barrels, no colour of flavor has been added

35
Q

what does small batch indicate?

A

higher quality, blend from a small number of selected casks (fat)

36
Q

what does single barrel indicate?

A

bourbon made from just one barrel, exceptional

37
Q

what does age statements indicate?

A

youngest spirit used in the blend

38
Q

what does sour mash indicate? (Tennessee)

A

the acidic residue (rester) in the base of the column still has been added back to the fermenter

39
Q

what does bottled in bond (BIB) indicate? (Tennessee)

A

one distillery, one year, aged for minimun 4 years woos containers.

40
Q

what is common to grains and maturation in Canada?

A

different grains that is blended after maturation

41
Q

what is a “base whisky”?

A

high-streght, light-intensity, column spirit made from corn

42
Q

what is a “flavouring whisky”?

A

pronounced, low-stregth spirit made from rye

43
Q

Name the 2 most important whiskys in Scotland:

A

single malt scotch whisky
blended scotch whiskey

44
Q

Where and how most the Scottish whisky be distilled and matured?

A

matured and bottled in Scotland, oak barrels for minimum 3 years, no addition of sugar is allowed, caramel colour may be added

45
Q

What does single malt whiskey mean?

A

Fermented and distilled in one distillery

46
Q

what does a short VS a long swan neck do to the spirit and its reflux?

A

tall = lighter spirit
short = more pronounced aromas

47
Q

What kind of oak barrels are used for Scots whisky?

A

old American oak barrels and sherry barrels from Spain

48
Q

What does it mean by wood finishing? (Scotland)

A

final stages of maturation when you move the spirit to another barrel for a short time. The spirit will absorb some of the previous aromas from wine or sprit that has been in the barrel earlier.

49
Q

what does blended scotch whisky mean?

A

Typically made up of several different single grains and single malts

50
Q

name the 5 Scottish whisky regions

A

1) Speyside
2) highland
3) islay
4) cambeltown
5) lowland

51
Q

What does sherry cask finish indicate? (Scotland)

A

special sherry barrels has been used

52
Q

what does malt scotch whisky indicate? (Scotland)

A

made from malted barley and distilled in pot stills

53
Q

what does “aged 12 years indicate”? (Scotland)

A

the youngest whiskey used in the blend

54
Q

what does “non-chilled-filtred” indicate? (Scotland)

A

has not been chill-filtred immediately prior to bottling.

55
Q

what does “naturel colour” indicate? (Scotland)

A

all colour has come from the oak barrels

56
Q

what does cask strength indicate?

A

undiluted with water

57
Q

How is Japan whiskey?

A

inspired from Scottish whisky production model, usually using whiskies that were not made in Japan

Whiskey/whisky (1 decks)

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