White Wine, Set 3 Flashcards

Question

Is **Tokaj Azsú the only style** of Furmint made in Hungary?

Answer 1

No ## Footnote Styles of Tokaj range from dry to medium, and they can be made with or without Botrytis-affected grapes.

Answer 2

* Cool * Moderate * Warm ## Footnote Climate plays a **major role** in the flavor and aroma profile of the resultant Chardonnay wine. The *cooler* the climate, the more **under-ripe and green-fruited** the wine; and the *warmer* the climate, the more **ripe and tropical** it will be.

Answer 3

1. Light to medium body 2. High acidity 3. Green orchard fruits (apple, pear) 4. Tart citrus 5. River rock

Answer 4

1. Medium to full body 2. Medium to high acidity 3. Ripe citrus 4. Melon (green, orange) 5. Stone fruits

Answer 5

1. Full body 2. Medium acid 3. Ripe peach/stone fruits 4. Tropical fruits/pineapple

Answer 6

Acidification ## Footnote When grapes become very ripe—as is the tendency of warm climate Chardonnay—the resultant wine can be so low in acid that it becomes unstable, producing off-flavors. Remember, acid discourages the growth of bacteria and other microbes in the wine. Thus, acidification is needed to stabilize a flabby wine.

Answer 7

* Malolactic conversion * Oak vessel maturation * Lees aging ## Footnote Malolactic conversion adds **buttery, creamy flavors and texture** to the wine; oak vessel maturation imparts **toast, spice, and caramel flavors;** and lees aging **softens mouthfeel, while adding texture, weight, and balance.** All are optional and used at the winemaker's discretion to craft wines that are (should be) balanced, while expressing different facets of Chardonnay's versatile nature.

Answer 8

* Oak staves * Oak chips ## Footnote These alternatives are used on low- and medium-quality wines, not premium wines.

Answer 9

Burgundy ## Footnote If a bottle of white wine says "Burgundy" on the label, it's almost surely a Chardonnay! A very small percentage of white Burgundy wines are made with other grape varieties like Aligoté, Pinot Gris, and Pinot Blanc. Read: [How to taste the difference between California Chardonnay and White Burgundy](https://www.brainscape.com/academy/california-chardonnay-and-white-burgundy/) or watch our video: ['What's the difference between California Chardonnay wine & white Burgundy wine?'](https://youtu.be/KSQdAma9lW8)

Answer 10

Chablis ## Footnote Chablis is **Burgundy's most northern AOC** for Chardonnay, making it the coolest, which results in the tart, crisp, and acidic profile of the wine.

Answer 11

Mâconnais

Answer 12

Bourgogne AOC | Pronounced "Boor-goh-nya" ## Footnote Bourgogne is a historical wine-making region in east-central France from whence many of the country’s most iconic wines originate. 'Burgundy' is the English word for ‘Bourgogne’.

Answer 13

1. Dry 2. High acidity 3. Tart citrus 4. Green apple 5. River rock ## Footnote Chablis are characterized by leaner, tarter fruit aromas (lime zest, green apple, quince, and under-ripe pear) than your average Bourgogne blanc. There’s also often a savory, briney-like aroma to the wines, along with the classic subtle notes of brie cheese, yogurt, and white florals.

Answer 14

In this cool climate region, it: * maximizes **sun exposure**, * helps the grapes to **ripen**, and * develops more **flavorful characteristics**

Answer 15

Springtime **frost**

Answer 16

Frost can **burn new plant material, like shoots and leaves** and cause flowers to fall off, **decreasing that vintage's yield** before the flowers can even turn into grapes.

Answer 17

No oak ## Footnote Famous for its intensely chalky white soils, most Chablis wines are raised in **inert vessels.** However, many Chablis producers will oak their Grand Cru wines to **complement the concentration achieved by the grapes** and give the wine a **rounder texture, which counter-balances the high acidity.**

Answer 18

Moderate ## Footnote The Côte d'Or (which means 'Golden Slope') is considered one of the, if not *the*, most important region in Burgundy for wine production. It consists of two regions: the **Côte de Beaune** (named after the town) and the **Côte de Nuits** (named after walnut trees).

Answer 19

One from the **Côte d'Or** due to its more moderate climate.

Answer 20

**Côte de Beaune** (southern section) ## Footnote The Côte de Beaune (all ± 25 kilometers of this strip) is home to some of the most expensive vineyard land on Earth, which produces show-stopping, intense expressions of Chardonnay. As such, these wines are regarded as the topmost echelon of the white Burgundies, as well as the most powerful (and expensive) of all the still French Chardonnays. (The Côte de Nuits is known for the production of Pinot Noir.)

Answer 21

1. Meursault AOC 2. Puligny-Montrachet AOC ## Footnote While it's very difficult to generalize how the wines from these two appellations differ, one can say that the style of your typical Puligny-Montrachet tends to be **tensile, refined, and focused,** while Meursault wines have a **nuttier, more rounded character.** These Chardonnays typically undergo **lees aging, oak aging, and malolactic conversion** to give them their rich, distinctive flavors, texture, and aromas.

Answer 22

* Hazelnuts * Mushrooms ## Footnote Tertiary flavor and aroma notes originate from the **aging process** of a wine. As the wine ages, these notes tend to *stray further* from fresh fruit flavors into more complex earthy tones of **nutty, mushroom, floral, mineral, and spice.**

Answer 23

1. Mâcon AOC (unoaked) 2. Pouilly-Fuissé AOC (oaked) ## Footnote Mâconnais wines are usually **medium-to-full-bodied and unoaked,** though there is greater intensity, succulence, and fruitiness to them than your average Bourgogne blanc. Pouilly-Fuissé wines are typically **oaked, full-bodied, ripe, and relatively elegant,** with their top offerings giving the finer wines of the Côte de Beaune a run for their money!

Answer 24

**Ripe, fruity, tropical** Chardonnays. ## Footnote Lesser expensive ones may be raised in inert vessels with or without oak chips; more expensive ones might see barrel use (new or neutral).

Answer 25

The inland **Central Valley** ## Footnote Central Valley has a warm and dry climate, producing peachy-pineapple-y, medium-bodied Chardonnays.

Answer 26

Coastal areas are influenced by **morning fog** and **cool Pacific breezes.** This mitigates California's heat and allows for a **longer/cooler growing season**, which helps grapes to retain their acidity. ## Footnote **Carneros** and the **coastal areas of Sonoma County** (e.g. Sonoma Coast) are two areas that benefit the most from these cooling conditions. As such, they've become known for producing Chardonnays of **great balance and complexity.**

Answer 27

* Full bodied * Tropical fruity * Oaky

Answer 28

Santa Barbara County ## Footnote The style of Chardonnays from here varies tremendously. Some express similar characteristics to the Côte de Beaune (high acid, lemon, medium body, little oak) and some will be more like Napa (medium acid, tropical fruits, full body, lots of oak).

Answer 29

Oregon's climate is generally **moderate and cooler than Napa**, allowing the grapes to retain their acidity.

Answer 30

South Eastern Australia ## Footnote The grapes can come from anywhere within this enormous area.

Answer 31

1. Margaret River 2. Yarra Valley 3. Adelaide Hills ## Footnote **All 3 appellations are cooler,** either due to being located at a higher altitude (Adelaide Hills) or being exposed to cooling ocean breezes.

Answer 32

* Ripe stone fruit, like **peach** * Tropical fruit, like **pineapple**

Answer 33

Marlborough ## Footnote This appellation has a **cool to moderate** climate. Its exposure to cooling sea breezes and more frequent rainfall helps grapes to retain high acidity.

Answer 34

**Hawke's Bay** which has a **moderate** climate. ## Footnote Here, the climate is **moderate,** unlike Malborough on the South Island, which is *cool to moderate.* Both regions, however—and New Zealand in general—are known for producing Chardonnays with a **high acidity** and **peach / stone fruit flavors**.

Answer 35

Casablanca Valley

Answer 36

Altitude ## Footnote Altitude can help alleviate the heat of the valley, lending freshness to the grapes.

Answer 37

Western Cape

Answer 38

**Chenin Blanc** Its naturally **high acidity will balance the low acid**, blousy style of warm climate Chardonnay.

Answer 39

Walker Bay ## Footnote Strong and **cool ocean breezes** keep this region consistently cool, lengthening the ripening period and helping the grapes to retain their acidity. This then **balances the ripe peachy/pineapple-y flavors** Walker Bay is known for.

Answer 40

Robertson Valley ## Footnote Located a two-hour drive from Cape Town, in a **warm river valley,** Robertson is home to a variety of soil types, terrains, and microclimates, from the rich, loamy soils of the Breede River to the steep, clay-rich slopes of the bordering mountains. This yields terroir-driven Chardonnays with an array of fruit characteristics, aromas, and bodies that are futher enhanced by the use of oak, partial oak, or perhaps no oak at all.

Answer 41

Today, oak usage is **considerably down** from what it was in the 80s and 90s, when it dominated the wine. ## Footnote Today winemakers are more judicious with their oak usage.

Answer 42

Because it is so versatile! Chardonnay is a grape that winemakers use to **demonstrate their skills** in controlling malo, lees, and oak aging, and how those techniques can bolster the expression of a vineyard or climate.

Answer 43

**Cool to moderate** climate

Answer 44

**Alsace**, France ## Footnote Both Alsace AOP and Alsace Grand Cru AOP make quality Gewürztraminer.

Answer 45

1. Full body 2. Low to medium acidity 3. High alcohol 4. Intense floral notes, especially rose 5. Stone fruits (peach and apricot) 6. Tropical fruits (lychee) 7. No oak (to retain floral aromas) ## Footnote Gewürtraminer acquires **very high levels of sugar** as it ripens. This gives the yeast more to eat, which produces more alcohol in the final wine.

Answer 46

Dry to sweet ## Footnote Gewürztraminer is always intensely aromatic.

Answer 47

1. Gewürztraminer 2. Viognier

Answer 48

**Condrieu AOC** in the Northern Rhône ## Footnote Here, Viognier is always bottled as a **single-varietal wine**.

Answer 49

Yes ## Footnote Viognier adds beautiful **floral aromas, body, and peachy notes** to more neutral grapes/wines.

Answer 50

1. Dry 2. Low to medium acidity 3. Medium to full body 4. High alcohol 5. Peach/peach yogurt 6. Floral/blossom aromas 7. Can be oaked or unoaked

White Wine, Set 3 Flashcards

Whoever said white wine couldn't be serious? In the realm of medium- to full-bodied white wines, heavy hitters like Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, and Viognier serve some serious body-ody-ody! (75 cards)