Whitechapel II

Question 1

What was the role of the media in 1870-1900

Answer 1

The media mainly disrupted police investigations providing false information

Question 2

What techiniques did the police use?

Answer 2

Photography and sketches were used which were useful aswell as autopsys and interviews

Question 3

What was the role of the beat constable?

Answer 3

It was to prevent crime by being a obvious presence and to arrest thoose being caught in a crime.They usually travelled alone in a specific route.

Question 4

Role of the Criminal investigation department?

Answer 4

After a corruption scandal it was set up by using more detectives in 1877 using various techinques to capture criminals

Question 5

Role of home secretary and Sir Charles Warren?

Answer 5

Commissioner Warren increased military drills and tightened up rules. Controversely ex-soldeirs were bought in to be police officers

Question 6

What were the public attitudes towards Sir Charles Warren?

Answer 6

During a demonstration in Trafalgar square he used to much force were people reacted angrily as they thought the police force would turn into a military massacre

Question 7

Give some Police investigating techniques?

Answer 7

Autopsy,photography,sketches and interviews

Question 8

What was Media like at reporting crime?

Answer 8

Newspapers were useless as they encouraged more than 300 hoaxes which wasted police time. Increased tension between immigrants.

Question 9

How was photography used?

Answer 9

Photos were taken of bodies before and after post mortem which was used more for identyifying the body rather than solving the crime

Question 10

How were sketches used?

Answer 10

City of London police used sketches of mitre square to help them finidng there way around.

Question 11

How were Autopsys carried out?

Answer 11

During the ripper case details were given to the police force as they thought they were looking for a left handed murderer. The aslo showed a knowledge

Question 12

How were interviews used?

Answer 12

Police visited houses were the victims were question 2000 people mainly butchers and slaughter men.

Question 13

Why are employment record useful as evidence about life in Whitechapel?

Answer 13

Employment records would give information about work and the types of jobs, the male and female split, the duration that employees stayed, promotion opportunities and possible nationalities.

Question 14

Why are housing records useful as evidence about life in Whitechapel

Answer 14

Housing records could reveal a lot about living conditions, the number of occupants to a house, or a room, and the ratios sharing toilets

Question 15

Why are council records useful as evidence for life in Whitechapel?

Answer 15

Council records and reports would be useful to show the extent of wealth and poverty of an area, level of complaints, applications for pubs, the conditions of housing or even street lighting

Question 16

Why are census returns useful as evidence for life in whitechapel?

Answer 16

Census returns would give changes in the chaning population. A census was taken every 10 years.

Question 17

Why was the Charles Booth survey useful as evidence about life in Whitechapel?

Answer 17

Charles Booth survey showed the extent of the severe poverty around Whitechapel. It also showed that there were wealthy parts too.

Question 18

Who was Charles Booth?

Answer 18

Charles Booth was a wealthy Victorian philanthropist who made his money from leather and running a steam shipping line.

Question 19

What was the Charles Booth survey?

Answer 19

His comprehensive survey mapped out poverty across in London. He wanted government to intervene and alleviate the problem through legislation.

Question 20

Why were Workhouse records useful as evidence for life in Whitechapel?

Answer 20

Often imates were women and orphan children. This would be a significant indicator of poverty due to a lack of employment in Whitechapel. The records would show many social problems as well.

Question 21

What were Workhouse in Victorian England?

Answer 21

The Workhouse was the Victorians solution to poverty. An imate would be given poor relief, accommodation, basic food in return they would complete harsh repetitive work.

Question 22

Why were local police report useful as evidence for life in Whitechapel?

Answer 22

Police reports would indicate the types of crimes being committed. Often police were poorly educated and the report might contain errors.

Question 23

Why would a coroners report be useful as for life in whitechapel?

Answer 23

A coroner’s report would explain the wounds which caused the death of a victim. This would help explain a weapon used or any patterns of behaviours.

Question 24

Why would photographs be useful as evidence of life in Whitechapel?

Answer 24

Photographs would show clearly the condition of housing, proximity of alleyways, or lack of street lighting.

Question 25

Why would local newspapers be useful as evidence of life in Whitechapel?

Answer 25

Local newspaper would report on the types crimes being committed in Whitechapel. Newspapers would often exaggerate stories, or make up sources of information to give credibility to a story.

Question 26

Why would national newspapers be useful as evidence of life in Whitechapel?

Answer 26

National newspapers would show the significance of a story from a small part of London to reach the national news. National papers would rely on local reporters to hunt down a sensational story and they would pay the reporters very well.

Question 27

Why would punch cartoons be useful as evidence of life in Whitechapel?

Answer 27

Punch was a popular satirical magazine that would poke fun at the establishment. The cartoons would mock figure like the police, the CID and Sir Charles Warren.

Question 28

What was the Old Bailey court?

Answer 28

The Old Bailey in London is the crown court were serious criminal cases would be heard by a judge and a jury. There were 4 court rooms for hearing cases. The public access to the gallery was limited.

Question 29

Why would Old Bailey reports of trials be useful as evidence?

Answer 29

The Old Bailey reports would be key evidence for journalists finding out about the murder cases and verdicts that they were reporting on.

Question 30

What was Whitechapel like in the early 1870s?

Answer 30

It was an area of extreme poverty -many people who lived there were poor due to a lack of reliable employment

Question 31

Define rookeries

Answer 31

Slum areas of terribly overcrowded and filthy housing

Question 32

Describe the condtions in rookeries

Answer 32

They were divided into apartments so more people could fit in. They has to share bathrooms which became ver unsanitary. They were generally over crowded

Question 33

What were the workhouses like?

Answer 33

Many of the residents that lived in whitechapel would work in workhouses. The workhouses were generally small,dark and overcrowded. The hours were long and the workers were often underpaid.

Question 34

What other forms of employment was there in whitechapel?

Answer 34

many were labourers in railway construction or in the London Docks. However the amount of paid work varied from day to day and many famillies could not rely of a steady income.

Question 35

Why was the workhouse often a last resort?

Answer 35

The rules were very strict in workhouses and the famillies were often seperated. Also in order to get a bed in the workhouse the inmates had to earn their spot by doing hard labour.

Question 36

What tension was caused by the Irish immigrants?

Answer 36

In the late 19th century the Irish nationlists were demanding freedom from the UK's rule. This led to a lot of religious terrorist movements which made life harder for the Irish imigrants and were seen as fenians as well(the people who led the religious terrorist movement)

Question 37

What tension was caused by the jewish immigrants?

Answer 37

In Russia the Tsar was abdicated and a lot of Jews were blamed. Because of this many Jews fled Russia and settled in Whitechapel. The jews found it hard because of a language barrier and cutural and religious differences. This led the Jewish immigrants to live seperately which caused the British to suspect them.

Question 38

What is anarchism?

Answer 38

A revolutionary political idea which said that people would be better off without government and without laws.

Question 39

What did anarchism cause?

Answer 39

There was a fear that the immigrants were bringing in dangerous political views with them. Since the idea of anarchism was brought up by Russins revolutionaries the authourity and people being being suspiscous of the European Jewish immigrants.

Question 40

What is socialism?

Answer 40

Socialism was when a political and economic system in which property and resources are owned or controlled by the state.

Question 41

What did socialism cause?

Answer 41

Since the Jews did bring in some socialist organisations it had caused them to be in strikes and demonstrations for better work conditions, which made the authority to think that it would encourage unrest and even revolution.

Question 42

What is the H divison?

Answer 42

Since the police force was split into different divisions. The 'H' divison was for whitechapel.

Question 43

How did the rookeries and lodging houses make policing hard?

Answer 43

The narrow streets made it easier for the criminals to hide. Also as it was cheap it attracted more criminals, drunkards and prostitutes.

Question 44

How did alcohol make policing harder in whitechapel?

Answer 44

There was high level of addiction to alcohol which made peole more vulnerable.The alcohol would affect a persons judgement with made people do wrong things which often meant leading to a crime or resulting in violence.The fact that alcohol was very cheap it allowed more drinking related crimes.

Question 45

How did prostitution cause policing to get harder?

Answer 45

Prostiituion caused women to be more vulnerable to getting attacked and it sometimes became involved in crimes like petty theft.

Question 46

How did gangs and protection rackets make policing whitechapel harder?

Answer 46

People feared to speak out against the gangs and so it was difficult for police to collect enough evidence.

Question 47

How did immigration make it harder to police whitechapel?

Answer 47

Many Jewish immigrants didn?t report crimes because they didn?t trust the police because of past experiances and there was also a language barrier.During the Ripper cases many blamed the immigrants which led to further unrest.

Question 48

What was the Whitechapel Viligance committee?

Answer 48

A builder from Whitechapel created the committee as he felt that not enough was being done about the Ripper cases. So he started offering rewards to anyone who would help find the Ripper.

Question 49

What did the Whitechapel viligance committee do?

Answer 49

They also had a night patrol like the police but they were often untrained, amateurish and noisy which undermined the polce investigation further.