Whitney Acute vs Chronic Renal Failure

Question 1

Four main causes to Acute Pre-Renal Failure (decreased perfusion)

Answer 1

1. Blocked/Stenosed Renal Art.
2. Hemorrahge
3. Heart Failure
4. Sepsis

Question 2

Calcium plasma levels in Chronic Renal Failure?

Answer 2

Hypo, because:

• Low Vit. D
• Damaged Tubules
• Phosphate trapping Calcium

Question 3

Normal Creatinine level?

Answer 3

1 mg/dL

Question 4

Two types of dialysis and main substance to combat acidemia for each?

Answer 4

1. Peritoneal: Lactate

2. Hemo: Bicarbonate

Question 5

Four main causes to Acute Post-Renal Failure (Impeding Kidney drainage)

Answer 5

1. Prostate Hypertrophy
2. Kidney Stones
3. Tumor
4. UTI

Question 6

Which types of kidney failure would a high BUN/CR ration indicate?

Answer 6

1. Acute Pre-Renal

2. Acute Post-Renal

Question 7

Three types of Acute Kidney Failure

Answer 7

1. Pre-Renal
2. Intra-Renal
3. Post-Renal

Question 8

What is the function of PTH and what are its levels during renal failure?

Answer 8

• Raise Ca2+

- Hyper-function

Question 9

From outside to inside, 3 kidney filtration barriers?

Answer 9

1. (Outer-most) Podocytes/Pedicels
2. (Mid) Basement Membrane
3. Fenestrated Epithelium

Question 10

Potassium plasma levels in Chronic Renal Failure?

Answer 10

Usually hyper because:

• ALD gets ruined
• ALD normally boots K+

Question 11

Normal BUN level?

Answer 11

10-20 mg/dL

Question 12

Phosphate plasma levels in Chronic Renal Failure?

Answer 12

Hyper, because:

• Normally a major waste product
• Excreting waste is tough when you’re kidneys HAVE BEEN FAILING

Question 13

Why are renal failure patients commonly anemic?

Answer 13

Low Erythropoietin levels