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Chemistry Nat 5 > Whole Year Flashcards > Flashcards

Whole Year Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

name 3 fossil fuels

A

oil, gas, coal

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2
Q

name 3 renewable energies

A

wind, solar, hydro

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3
Q

what is an advantage of fossil fuels?

A

huge amounts of energy is produced

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4
Q

what is an advantage of renewable energy?

A

better for the enviroment

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5
Q

what is a disadvantage of fossil fuels?

A

releases greenhouse gases

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6
Q

what is a disadvantage of renewable energy

A

expensive to set up

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7
Q

if carbon dioxide gas is present..

A

The limewater will turn cloudy

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8
Q

if oxygen gas is present..

A

a glowing spint will relight

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9
Q

if hydrogen gas is present

A

a lit splint will produce a squeeky pop sound.

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10
Q

why is burning fossil fuels bad for the enviroment

A

burning fossil fuels releases green house gases into the atmosphere, resulting in climate change.

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11
Q

what is complete combustion

A

when there is a plentiful supply of oxygen. there will be a blue flame and CO2 + H2O will be produced

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12
Q

what is incomplete combustion

A

when there is a limited supply of oxygen. there will be an orangey red flame produced along with CO+C+H2O

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13
Q

write a balanced formula equation for complete combustion of propane (C3H8)

A

C3 H8 5O2 —-> 3CO2 + 4H2 4O

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14
Q

what does exothermic mean?

A

the temperature of the reaction increases

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15
Q

What is the homologous series?

A

a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

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16
Q

what is a hydrocarbon?

A

compounds containing hydrogen and carbon only.

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17
Q

state the prefix for the number 1

A

Meth

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18
Q

state the prefix for the number 2

A

Eth

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19
Q

state the prefix for the number 3

A

Prop

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20
Q

state the prefix for the number 4

A

But

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21
Q

state the prefix for the number 5

A

Pent

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22
Q

state the prefix for the number 6

A

Hex

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23
Q

state the prefix for the number 7

A

Hept

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24
Q

state the prefix for the number 8

A

Oct

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25
State Alkanes end name, showing an example along with it
-ane, eg. pentane
26
State Cycloalkanes end name, showing an example along with it
cyclo - ane, eg. cyclopentane
27
State a Alkenes end name, showing an example along with it
-ene, eg. Pentene
28
what is an alkane with 4 carbons
Butane
29
what is a cycloalkane with 3 carbons
cyclopropane
30
what is an alkene with 8 carbons
octene
31
what is a general formula for?
allows you to work out the number of each element in a molecular ratio
32
how is general formula used in terms of hydrocarbons?
used as a way of representing the ratio of atoms in a hydrocarbon
33
what is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
Cn H2n
34
what is the general formula for alkenes?
Cn H2n
35
what is the general formula for alkanes
Cn H2n + 2
36
write the general formula for an Alkane with 2 carbons
C2 H6
37
write the general formula for a cycloalkane with 8 carbons
C8 H16
38
write the general formula for a alkene with 7 carbons
C7 H14
39
write the molecular formula for Methane
CH4
40
write the molecular formula for cyclopropane
C3 H6
41
write the molecular formula for Butene
C4 H8
42
write the full structural formula for Methane
diagram
43
write the full structural formula for cyclopropane
diagram
44
write the full structural formula for butene
diagram
45
write the shortened structural formula for methane
diagram
46
write the shortened structural formula for cyclopropane
diagram
47
write the shortened structural formula for Butene
diagram
48
what is a saturated hydrocarbon
all carbon atoms are bonded with single covalent bonds
49
which homologous series is saturated
alkane and cycloalkane
50
which homologous series is unsaturated
alkene
51
put the prefixes in order, smallest to largest
meth,eth,prop,but,pent,hex,hept,oct
52
What is an Isomer
Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
53
Draw 2-Methyl butane
diagram
54
Draw 2,2 di Methyl Propane
diagram
55
draw 3-Ethyl pentane
diagram
56
draw 4-Ethyl -3,5di Methyl heptane
diagram
57
draw Bute-2-ene
diagram
58
draw pent-2-ene
diagram
59
draw 4-Methyl-pent-1-ene
diagram
60
draw 6-Methyl-hept-2-ene
diagram
61
which homologous series turns bromine water clear
Alkene
62
write a conclusion for the test for unsaturation
in conclusion, the hydrocarbon that was unsaturated (cyclohexene) turned the bromine water clear
63
why do alkenes turn bromine water clear
when bromine comes into contact with all alkene molecules, the bromine breaks the double bond and attaches itself to the alkene molecule. Bromine will now no longer be in its elemental form so it cannot be seen as its distinctive orange colour.
64
draw a diagram for the reaction between Alkene + Bromine
diagram
65
draw a diagram for the reaction between Alkane + Bromine
diagram
66
What is an addition reaction
an addition reaction happens when 2 reactants react together to form one product
67
what is the 4 addition reactions
Halogentation, Hydrogenation, Hydration, Other
68
what is Halogenation
adding H2
69
what is Hydrogenation
adding one of the halogens 9e.g Br2)
70
what is Hydration
Adding H20
71
what is other
adding HBr, Hcl,HF,HI
72
Draw a diagram for Halogenation
diagram
73
Draw a diagram for Hydration
diagram
74
Draw a diagram for Hydrogenation
diagram
75
Draw a diagram for Other
diagram
76
is the homologous series soluable?
No
77
what is the pattern for the homologous series and the mp/bp?
as the C+H increase, so does mp/bp
78
Why does the mp/bp increase with the carbon chain?
As the carbon chain gets longer, there are more electrons in a molecule. This means that there are more stronger intermolecular forces between the molecules. As a result, it takes more energy to break these forces and thus the melting and boiling points increase.
79
What is the use for Alkane
Fuels since they burn easily
80
What is the use for Cycloalkanes
Fuels and solvents
81
What is the use for Alkenes
Alcohols and polymers
82
Draw Methanol
diagram
83
Draw Ethanol
diagram
84
Draw Propanol
diagram
85
what is the general formula for alcohols?
CnH2n+1 OH
86
Are alcohols saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
87
What is the function group called for alkenes
Hydroxyl
88
Draw Propan -1 -ol
Diagram
89
Draw propan - 2- ol
diagram
90
Draw 5-Methyl heptan - 1 - ol
diagram
91
what is the use of alcohol
fuels and solvents
92
is alcohol soluable?
methanol, ethanol, propanol are soluable in water, there after the solubility decreases as the size increases
93
does alcohol mp/bp?
as alcohols increases in size their melting and boiling point increases due to the increasing strength of the e=intermolecular forces. these intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome.
94
what product is made when you react pentene with hydrogen
pentane
95
what do you need to add to an alkene to make alcohol
Water
96
what would the starting alkene be if you made bromopropane
propene
97
which type if addition reaction is the test for unsaturation
halogenation
98
what do you make if you add water to octene
octanol
99
what would you make if you removed hydrogen from pentane
pentene
100
what would the name of the product be if you added bromine to but -2-ene
2,3-dibromobutane
101
what has to happen to the alkene for an addition reaction to occur
the double bond needs to break
102
Draw and name an isomer of pentan-2-ol
diagram
103
write the molecular formula for hexanol
C6H13OH
104
Draw 2,3-dimethyl penton-1-ol
diagram

Chemistry Nat 5 (2 decks)

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