Why Do We Breathe?

Question 1

Respiratory System

Answer 1

Nares
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Bronchioles (terminal, respiratory)
Alveolar
Alveoli

Question 2

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 2

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx.

Question 3

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 3

Larynx pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.

Question 4

Functions of Nasal Cavilty

Answer 4

Hair, mucus, cilia, lysozyme (kills bacteria), capillary network, conchae & meatuses (increases mucosal surface), olfaction.

Question 5

Functions of Larynx

Answer 5

Maintains open passageways for air, directs food in oesophagus away from respiratory tract, sound production, traps debris from entering lungs.

Question 6

Parietal Pleura

Answer 6

Superficial, lines inner wall of thoracic cavity.

Question 7

Visceral Pleura

Answer 7

Deep, covers the lungs.

Question 8

Pleural Cavity

Answer 8

Space between the two layers.

Question 9

Vestibule (E)

Answer 9

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 10

Nasal Cavity (E)

Answer 10

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Question 11

Nasopharynx (E)

Answer 11

Pseudostratified silicates columnar epithelium.

Question 12

Oropharynx (E)

Answer 12

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 13

Laryngopharynx (E)

Answer 13

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 14

Trachea

Answer 14

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

Question 15

Alveoli (E)

Answer 15

Simile squamous epithelium.

Question 16

Type 1 Pneumocytes

Answer 16

Simple squamous epithelial cells, site of gas exchange.

Question 17

Type 2 Pneumocytes

Answer 17

Simple cuboidal cells, secrete alveolar fluid & surfactant.

Question 18

Characteristics of Respiratory Membrane

Answer 18

Thick membrane, surface area, diffusion coefficient, partial pressure, moist membranes.

Question 19

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 19

Breathing in & out.

Question 20

External Respiration

Answer 20

Gas exchange between alveolar air spaces & alveolar capillaries across respiratory membranes.

Question 21

Tidal Volume

Answer 21

Amount of air inspired or expired with each breath.

Question 22

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 22

Amount of air that can be inspired forcefully after inspiration of the tidal volume.

Question 23

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 23

The amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the tidal volume.

Question 24

Residual Volume

Answer 24

The volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages & lungs after the most forceful expiration.

Question 25

Respiratory Rate

Answer 25

Number of breaths taken per minute.

Question 26

Minute Ventilation

Answer 26

Total amount of air moved into & out of the respiratory system each minute. Tidal volume * respiratory rate.

Question 27

Anatomical Dead Space

Answer 27

Space formed by nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles & terminal bronchioles.

Question 28

Alveolar Ventilation

Answer 28

Volume of air available for gas exchange per minute.

Question 29

Forced Vital Capacity

Answer 29

Maximal volume of air that can be forcefully expired as fast as possible after a deep breath in.