why do we fall ill (level 1)

Question 1

malaria is caused by which agent?

Answer 1

protozoan plasmodium

Question 2

what is the mode of transmission for malaria?

Answer 2

bite of a female anopheles mosquito which feeds on human blood

Question 3

why does the anopheles mosquito feed on human blood?

Answer 3

in order to obtain proteins from blood plasma which it needs for the development of its eggs

Question 4

what does the male anopheles mosquito feed on?

Answer 4

he feeds upon plant juices

Question 5

name four symptoms of malaria

Answer 5

nausea, headache, muscular pain, high fever

Question 6

each malarial attack is ___ hours long and has __- stages

Answer 6

6-10, 3

Question 7

describe first stage of malaria?

Answer 7

first stage is called cold stage- the patient feels cold and begins to shiver

Question 8

desribe secong stage of malaria and name it too

Answer 8

second stage is called hot stage- patient suffers from high fever , elevated breathing rate and heart beat

Question 9

describe thried stage of malaria

Answer 9

sweating stage- patient shows profuse sweating and body temperature returns to normal

Question 10

quinine is developed from ____ of ____ tree.

Answer 10

bark, cinchona

Question 11

____ drug is used for treatment of malaria

Answer 11

quinine

Question 12

other medications for malaria are(3)

Answer 12

mefloquine, artemisinin and doxycycline

Question 13

name preventive measures against malaria (4 points)

Answer 13

1) prevent entry of mosquitos by using mosquito repellents and mosquito nets
2)kill mosquito larvae by sprinkling kerosene on stagnant water bodies or by introducing fishes like gambusia, minnows, trouts in water bodies
breeding grounds ( ex-swaps,ditches) should be destroyed

Question 14

give two examples of breeding grounds for mosquitos

Answer 14

swamps, ditches

Question 15

what does aids stand for?

Answer 15

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 16

where was AIDS first detected and in which year and how does it affect the body

Answer 16

June 1981, USA, this virus weakens the body’s immunity or self defence mechanism

Question 17

name the agent behind aids

Answer 17

HIV , human immunodeficiency virus genetic

Question 18

what is the genetic material of hiv

Answer 18

RNA

Question 19

what are the modes of transmission of AIDS? (4 points)

Answer 19

1) unprotected sexual contact with an infected person carrying HIV
2) use of contaminated needles and razors and other equipment
3) from infected mother to child during delivery or breastfeeding
4) transfusion of contaminated blood

Question 20

what does incubation period mean ?

Answer 20

period between infection and appearance of signs of a disease

Question 21

what is the incubation period of AIDS

Answer 21

6 TO 10 YEARS

Question 22

what is the treatmet for aids(3 points)

Answer 22

there is no cure for aids yet but the use of certain drugs can help improve quality of life, life span

2) azidothymidine (AZT) drug is given which inhibits the replication of the virus
3) ART( anti retroviral therapy) can prolong the life of AIDS patient

Question 23

what are the prventive measures of aids(6 points)

Answer 23

1) public awareness
2) regular and mandatory screening of blood donors and pregnant women
3) use of a disposable syringe
4) compulsory blood check before transfusion
5) using condoms and adopting Hygenic sexual habits
6) use of common blades at barbers should be avoided

Question 24

what are the symptoms of aids (6 points)

Answer 24

)regular fever

2) weight loss
3) SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES
4) virus causes severe damage to the brain which leads to memory loss o loss of ability to speak or think
5) immunity of body is severely compromised due to which patient dies due to secondary infections especially pneumonia, tuberculosis
6) sweating at nights

Question 25

full-blown aids person dies within ____ years

Answer 25

3

Question 26

polio is also called ____ and is a disease of ____

Answer 26

infantile paralysis, nervous system

Question 27

which agent causes polio?

Answer 27

polio or entero virus

Question 28

describe the entry of polio

Answer 28

gastrontestinal tract. the virus first reach intestine then enters center nervous system via bloostream where it destroys motor nerve cells of spinal cord responsible for muscular control therefore muscles of polio infected person are unable to carry out normal fuctional

Question 29

why are the muscles of polio infected people not abe to carry out normal fuctions

Answer 29

becaue the virus destroys the motor nerve cells of spinal cord which are responsible for muscular control

Question 30

what is the treatment for polio

Answer 30

there is no cure for polio

Question 31

typhoid is a ___ disease (communicable/non-communicable cause by a (virus/bacteria/protozoa)

Answer 31

communicable, bacteria

Question 32

the casual agent of typhoid is, where is it found, and how does it spread

Answer 32

salmonella typhi is found in the intestine of man and this bacterium spreads through fecal matter by houseflies

Question 33

how does typhoid enter the body?

Answer 33

gastrointestinal tract by contaminated food and water

Question 34

what is the incubation period for typhoid?

Answer 34

1-3 weeks

Question 35

what are the symptoms of typhoid?(7 points)

Answer 35

1) increase body temperature
2) headache,
3)abdominal pain
4) typhoid fever which rises max in the afternoon.
5) the temp rises each day in the first week which remains persistent in the 2nd week and gradually decreases during 3 and 4 week
6)diarrhea with green stool
eruption of rosy spots or rashes on the upper abdomen