why is there a clash of civilisations

Question 1

civilisations are incompatible (huntington)

AO3

Answer 1

• political differences become less important to identity
• globalisation makes contact between civilisations easier
• west is under threat, especially from islam
• wants to reassert it’s christian identity

casanova argues huntgton ignores clashes within civilisations, e.g. sunni and shia islam

Question 2

western foreign policy (armstrong)

AO3

Answer 2

• hostility towards the west stems from western foreign policy in the middle east
• replacing iranian shah with a pro-western shah

huntington argues US foreign policy is necessary to protect western interests against potential threats

Question 3

sexuality (norris and inglehart)

AO3

Answer 3

• sexuality divides the west from the muslim world
• differences in values on relationships, e.g. gender equality, abortion, gay rights, etc
• no global consensus on ‘self-expression values’ such as free speech

western and muslim views could now be blurring, e.g. gay friendly mosque in paris