Widenings

Question 1

why did US feelings of fear and hatred of the Japanese linger?

Answer 1

US prisoners of war were mistreated and tortured

Question 2

when did war crime trials begin to be phased out?

Answer 2

after 1947

Question 3

what did Emperor Hirohito symbolise for the Japanese?

Answer 3

independent survival of the Japanese nation

Question 4

what was not guaranteed as a basic freedom and civil liberty under the new democratic Japanese constitution?

Answer 4

same-sex marriage being legalised

Question 5

what was America’s aim for Japanese economic reconstruction?

Answer 5

integrate Japan and South-East Asia into the ‘great crescent’ of anti-communist capitalist states

Question 6

why was America worried about the attraction of communism for the Japanese?

Answer 6

Japan was defeated and demoralised

Question 7

what were the Zaibatsu?

Answer 7

‘wealthy clique’ similar to cartels or trusts but usually organised around a single family controlling business in Japan

Question 8

how did American businessmen end Zaibatsu privileges in 1947?

Answer 8

set up a Japanese car industry

Question 9

how much of Japans’ cultivated land was purchased under the government’s reform programme?

Answer 9

5.8 million acres

Question 10

how many peasants owned their own land by 1950?

Answer 10

3 million

Question 11

who was excluded from the USA and Japan’s foreign trade?

Answer 11

communists

Question 12

name one way the communists could use the location and industry if they controlled a rearmed Japan

Answer 12

protect communist-controlled lands in Asia, launch an aggressive policy in the South and South-East Asia, break through US defences in the western Pacific

Question 13

what would western democracies have gained if they allied with rearmed Japan?

Answer 13

protection for the US defensive outposts in the western Pacific

Question 14

what did Truman fear tight occupation controls in Japan would result in?

Answer 14

damage Japanese goodwill and turn them to communism

Question 15

why was there a ‘Red Scare’ in Japan in 1949?

Answer 15

there were industrial strikes and the Japanese Communists received 3 million votes in the elections

Question 16

name one reason why containment of communism and a Red purge was necessary in 1949

Answer 16

USA needed to ensure communism was removed before giving the Japanese control of day-to-day government, there couldn’t be a basis for a Japanese peace treaty whilst communism was being supported in Japan

Question 17

what was the final stage of Japanese reconstruction a response to?

Answer 17

the Korean War

Question 18

how much did the USA spend on war supplies from Japan?

Answer 18

$500,000,000

Question 19

name one term in the San Francisco Peace Treaty

Answer 19

full sovereignty, Taiwan not to be returned to communist China, US occupation forces to withdraw no later than 90 days after the treaty

Question 20

another treaty was signed on the say day allowed the US to what?

Answer 20

to station land, air and sea forces in and about Japan as defence

Question 21

name the SCAP who accepted Japan’s surrender in 1945

Answer 21

General Douglas MacArthur

Question 22

how much was the target for the ‘super balanced budget’?

Answer 22

157 million yen

Question 23

what does GATT stand for?

Answer 23

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Question 24

when was the San Francisco Peace Treaty drawn up?

Answer 24

September 1951

Question 25

what was the agreed number of a Japanese self-defence force by 1954?

Answer 25

140,000

Question 26

how much did the USA fund the new Japanese self-defence force?

Answer 26

$240 million, and the sale of US agricultural surplus to Japan

Question 27

name the new leader of China in 1949 and his political party

Answer 27

Mao Zedong, Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Question 28

name the opposition leader of the KMT and where did he set up his government in exile?

Answer 28

Jiang Jieshi, Taiwan

Question 29

when did the USSR and the China create an alliance and what was it called?

Answer 29

Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, February 1950

Question 30

name the US Secretary of State in 1949

Answer 30

Dean Acheson

Question 31

what did he create in July 1949

Answer 31

the White Paper

Question 32

where did the Defensive Perimeter Strategy run through?

Answer 32

through Japan, the Ryukyus and the Philippines

Question 33

when did the USA's nuclear monopoly end?

Answer 33

September 1949 when the USSR tested the atomic bomb

Question 34

what does NSC-68 stand for?

Answer 34

National Security Council Resolution 68

Question 35

at what line was Korea divided?

Answer 35

38th parallel

Question 36

name the leaders of North Korea and South Korea

Answer 36

Kim Il Sung and Syngman Rhee

Question 37

when did the forces of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea advance into South Korea?

Answer 37

June 1950

Question 38

who led the UN forces?

Answer 38

General Douglas MacArthur

Question 39

how many forces did Mao send across the Yalu River to North Korea in October 1950?

Answer 39

300,000

Question 40

what date was the Panmunjom Armistice Agreement?

Answer 40

27th July 1953

Question 41

name the committee that was established to investigate communist infiltration in America?

Answer 41

House of Un-American Activities Committee

Question 42

what two things die McCarthy accuse Truman off?

Answer 42

being soft on communism and the 'loss of China'

Question 43

who was accused of passing being a member of the Communist Party and passing information via the Pumpkin Papers?

Answer 43

Alger Hiss

Question 44

when were Ethel and Julius Rosenberg executed?

Answer 44

June 1953

Question 45

when did McCarthy claim that 'Reds' had infiltrated the US army?

Answer 45

1954

Question 46

where is the headquarters of the UN?

Answer 46

New York

Question 47

give three examples of pro-Western members of the UN

Answer 47

US, UK, India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Greece, Iran, Iraq and Egypt

Question 48

true or false - mainland China took China's seat in the UN

Answer 48

false - the nationalist regime in Taiwan took China's seat

Question 49

between 1946-1955, how many times did the USSR use their veto on UN interventions?

Answer 49

75

Question 50

when was the US 7th Fleet positioned between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan?

Answer 50

27th June 1950

Question 51

which President was inaugurated in 1953?

Answer 51

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Question 52

what is the name of the collective defence treaty signed in September 1954?

Answer 52

South-East Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO)

Question 53

list three members of SEATO

Answer 53

US, France, UK, New Zealand, Australia, Philippines, Thailand, Pakistan

Question 54

who was US Secretary of State in 1953?

Answer 54

John Foster Dulles

Question 55

list three features of Eisenhower's New Look policy

Answer 55

rollback, massive retaliation and brinkmanship

Question 56

when was the NSC 162/2 approved?

Answer 56

October 1953

Question 57

which three countries made up French Indochina?

Answer 57

Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

Question 58

name the new leaders of North Vietnam and South Vietnam

Answer 58

Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem

Question 59

when was the Battle of Diem Bien Phu?

Answer 59

March-May 1954

Question 60

what line was Vietnam divided between in the Geneva Conference 1954?

Answer 60

17th parallel