Wiki 3

Question 1

Vitamins are ______ compounds

Answer 1

organic

Question 2

________ is taking 10 times more than the recommended daily does of vitamins

Answer 2

Megadosing

Question 3

Water-soluble vitamins travel in the _______ and are readily excreted from the body through ________

Answer 3

travel in the bloodsteam

excreted from the body through urine

Question 4

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the ______ and fatty tissues for later use and they are not readily _______ from the body

Answer 4

liver

excreted

Question 5

___________ regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Severe deficiency in children could cause rickets. It can be found in ________

Answer 5

Vitamin D

Liver, cod liver oil, egg yolks, better, and oily fish, produced in skin by exposure to sunlight

Question 6

Vitamin K is needed for ________ and can be found in ________

Answer 6

synthesis of prothrombin and bood coagulation (clotting)

kale, collard greens, spinach, broccoli, asparagus, lettuce, soybeans, pickles, pine nuts, blueberries

Question 7

Deficiency of _______ can slow healing of wounds and fractured bones. It can be found in ___________

Answer 7

Vitamin C

citrius fruits and juices, fruits, vegetables, broccoli, cabbage

Question 8

Deficiency of _________ can cause impaired development of central nervous system; anencephaly, spina bifida. Because of these risks it is often given to ___________

Answer 8

folic acid

pregnant women

Question 9

___________ regulates energy metabolism, helps maintain health of skin, tongue, and digestive system.

Answer 9

Niacin/Vitamin B3

Question 10

___________ is needed as a coenzyme for red blood cell syntheis

Answer 10

Cyanocobalamin/Vitamin B12

Question 11

What is added to the package insert of a drug by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to potentially serious side effects?

Answer 11

Black Box Warning

Question 12

Minerals are _______ compounds

Answer 12

inorganic

Question 13

______ is the most abundant mineral in the body. Deficiencies can cause _______

Answer 13

Calcium

numbness and tingling of fingers/toes, positive Chvostek sign, hyperactive reflexes, seizures, dysrhythmias, and muscle cramps

Question 14

Magnesium deficiency can cause ______. It can be found in ______

Answer 14

tremors, muscle spasms, muscle cramps, numbness in hands or feet, nystagmus, fatigue, weakness, seizures, delierum, arrhythmia

grains, green leafy vegetables, nuts, legumes, oysters, crab, cornmeal

Question 15

The action of phosphorus includes ______. It can be found in _______.

Answer 15

pH (acid/base) balance, bone and tooth structure, and energy production

milk, cheese, grains, meats, fish, and leafy greens

Question 16

______ is a component of hemoglobin for oxygen transport, enzymes for energy metabolism. Deficiencies are common in ________

Answer 16

Iron

patients who are menstruating or have blood deficiencies and/or disorders (anemia)

Question 17

_________ is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients who suffer from disease because they are much more susceptible to infections and organ failure. It generally results from inadequate intake of protein and calories or from a deficiency of one or more ______ and _______.

Answer 17

Malnutrition

vitamins and minerals

Question 18

Administration of nutrients directly into veins is know as ________.

Answer 18

parenteral nutrition

Question 19

_________ is administered orally, either by drinking or by instillation into the stomach through a feeding tube.

Answer 19

enteral nutrition

Question 20

A high-fiber diety (fruits, grains, nuts, vegetables), adequate hydration (8-10 oz glasses of water daily) and daily exercise can eliminate most cases of _______

Answer 20

constipation

Question 21

If diarrhea is severe or prolonged, it may cause ________, electrolyte depletion, and physical exhaustion. Treatment with _______ therapy depends on the cause of the diarrhea.

Answer 21

dehydration

antidiarrheal

Question 22

Who monitors and manages controlled substances in the United States?

Answer 22

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

Question 23

For thousands of years, civilizations have depended on substances found in nature to __________

Answer 23

treat illnesses

Question 24

______ medicines are defined as natural substances of botanical or plant origin and are considered alternative medicines

Answer 24

Herbal

Question 25

_____ is an anticoagulant that works by reducing platelet aggregation, which means it prevents platelets from clumping together and clotting blood. Nurses should monitor patients for ________

Answer 25

Garlic signs of bleeding

Question 26

Ginko biloba extract is a smooth muscle ____ and visodialitor that ______ blood flow in arteries and capilaries.

Answer 26

relaxant improves

Question 27

St. John's wort is used orally to treat _______ and to heal woulds. A serious adverse effect is _________ symptoms associated with it are confusion, agitation, shivering, fever, diaphoresis, nausea, diarrhea, muscle spasms, and tremor.

Answer 27

depression serotonin syndrome

Question 28

Melatonin is best known as a _____. Melatonin may add to _____ caused by alcohol, benzodiazepines, sleep aids, and other sedative-hypnotics. Do not administer melatonin to patients already receiving any of these medications without healthcare provider approval.

Answer 28

sleep aid CNS depression

Question 29

_______ raises blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility and acts as a diuretic. It has been shown to lower cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and riase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Adverse effects are an extension of the pharmacologic effects of _______: anxiety, nervousness, headache, diuresis, insomia, tremor, irratibility, papitations, and dysrhythmias

Answer 29

green tea caffine

Question 30

Dietary supplement therapy under the current legal standards creates an eithical dilemma for nures and other healthcare professionals. Licensed healthcare professoinals have a moral and theical responsibility to recommend only medicines that are proven t obe safe and effective. Regarding dietary supplements, including herbal medicnines, the healthcar professional should be aware of their ______ verses their _____, their potential for toxicity, and their poteintal for interatciotn with other medicines.

Answer 30

legal use versus their popular use

Question 31

________ is an antibiotic that acts by interfering with several bacterial enzyme systems. Thsi antibiotic is not effective agains microorganisms in the blood or in tissues outside the ______. It is active against many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (E. Faecalis, E. coli, Proteus).

Answer 31

Nitrofurantoin Urinary tract

Question 32

________ is a prasympathetic nerve stimulant that causes contraction of the detursor urinae muscle in the bladder, ususally resulting in urnation. It is used in cases of ________ urinary retention particularly in postop and postpartum patients, to restore bladder tone and urination.

Answer 32

Bethanechol nonobstructive

Question 33

What is administered if a patient comes into the Primary Care Outpatient office and is suspected of having a myocardial infarction (MI)?

Answer 33

Aspirin