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NIMS > Wildland Incidents > Flashcards

Wildland Incidents Flashcards

1
Q

The point of origin of the fire. This area burns at an intensity that is less than the rest of the fire and has a slower rate of spread

A

Heel

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2
Q

Narrow strips of fire extending out word from the main fire

A

Fingers

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3
Q

The area of the fire where the burning is fastest and hottest

A

Head

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4
Q

Spot support areas along the fire perimeter that burn more vigorously than the surrounding area

A

Hot spots

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5
Q

Fires that ignite outside the main fire perimeter; Usually started by hot embers blown from the main fire

A

Spot fires

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6
Q

The area burned as defined inside the fire perimeter

A

Burn

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7
Q

The area unburned outside the fire perimeter

A

Green

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8
Q

An area within the burn or fire parameter that has not been burned

A

Island

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9
Q

An area of unburned fuel located between two fingers or between the fire perimeter and a finger

A

Pocket

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10
Q

The ignition of a number of fires with in an area simultaneously or in quick succession

A

Area ignition

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11
Q

A sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread that precludes direct control or upsets existing control measures

A

Blow up

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12
Q

The number expressed in an arithmetic scale that is determined from the fuel moisture content, windspeed, and other selected factors affecting burning rates.

A

Burn index

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13
Q

The ignition of unburned fuels within the fire line or perimeter as part of the direct for parallel method of fire control

A

Burning out

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14
Q

The intentional setting of fire to fuels inside the control line to slow, knockdown, or contain a rapidly spreading fire.

A

Backfire

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15
Q

This is a method of controlling a partly dead fire by carefully inspecting and feeling with their hands while building a fire line around and digging out every live spot

A

Cold trailing

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16
Q

This is a fire that advances from top to top of trees or shrubs and is independent of the surface fire

A

Crown fire

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17
Q

Suppression efforts on the fires edge or immediately adjacent to the fire perimeter

A

Direct attack

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18
Q

A fire control management system that integrates the effects of selected fire danger factors into one or more qualitative or numerical indicators of the current level of fire protection needed

A

Fire danger rating

19
Q

A spinning, moving column of ascending there, which arises from a vortex and may carry a loft smoke, debris, and flames ranging in size and intensity from 1 foot in diameter to a small tornado

A

Fire whirl

20
Q

This is a dry wind with strong downward components that moves from a high-pressure area to a low pressure area

A

Foehn

21
Q

The checking of the spread of fire at points of more rapid spread or special threat areas with emphasis on first priorities, usually in the initial steps of the immediate control.

A

Hot spotting

22
Q

This is the construction of a line in the”Green” or unburned fuel at a considerable distance from the fire line that can be used for different operations

A

Indirect attack

23
Q

Initiate an anger point near the point of origin to attack two sides of the fire to cut off the head.

A

Pincer attack

24
Q

And unfinished preliminary control line established or constructed as an emergency measure to check the spread of fire

A

Scratch line

25
Q

The number related to the relative rate of the forward movement of service fires

A

Spread index

26
Q

________ is the main fuel consumed any wildland fire

A

Vegetation

27
Q

The weight of live fuel is expressed in ________

A

Tons per acre

28
Q

A ________ is the debris such as leaves, small twigs, branches, and needles that fall onto the ground creating a Duff or dry decomposing material

A

Ground of fuel

29
Q

________ is the live vegetation that grows close to the ground such as grass brush small trees and field crops

A

Surface fuel

30
Q

________ is the vegetation and debris above the ground fuels

A

Crown fuel

31
Q

The ________ of fuel determines how intense is the fire will burn

A

Volume

32
Q

The ________ of fuels affect the spread of wildland fires

A

Continuity

33
Q

In an area of low pressure, the airflow is ________ , whereas high pressure systems create an air flow in a ________ Direction

A

Counterclockwise, clockwise

34
Q

Mountains act like chimneys by channeling air ________

A

Vertically

35
Q

When the relative humidity falls to ________ conditions are favorable for burning

A

30%

36
Q

When the relative humidity drops below ________ fire danger becomes critical

A

10%

37
Q

A good rule of thumb is that for every 20° F increase in temperature, relative humidity drop by ________

A

Half

38
Q

________ dictates whether or not a piece of material is ready to burn

A

Fuel moisture

39
Q

________ are frequently put to use for structural protection in isolated areas where homes and buildings are spread far apart

A

Defensive strategies

40
Q

________ are used when firefighters have an opportunity to attack the fire in such a way as to cause it to stop spreading or go out completely.

A

Offense of strategies

41
Q

Any treatment of burning fuel that is applied by firefighters

A

Direct attack

42
Q

The ________ attack involves two or more units of anyone type working in line, one in front of the other, to accomplish a specific fire suppression job

A

Tandem

43
Q

The ________ is a direct attack with multiple anchor points, which allows for multiple points of attack

A

Envelopment method

44
Q

L.C.E.S.

A

L- Look-outs
C- Communications
E- Escape Routes
S- Safety Zones

NIMS (5 decks)

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