Wiley Chapter 2

Question 1

Adaptability

Answer 1

Shorter term, non heritable physiological changes that occur in people when their survival is immediately challenged

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

A trait that confers some survival or reproductive advantage

Question 3

Applied medical anthropology

Answer 3

Applying principles and ethnographic knowledge of anthropology to the design or implementation of health policies and interventions

Question 4

Biological normalcy

Answer 4

The assumption that all human biologies resemble those of one group. Historically European

Question 5

Critical medical anthropology

Answer 5

Analysis of how power differentials affect health

Question 6

Cultural syndromes

Answer 6

Clusters of symptoms that are recognized as illness in one society but not necessarily within another

Question 7

Disease

Answer 7

An alteration of physiology such that the function of a given physiological system is compromised

Question 8

Embodiment

Answer 8

Ways that the environment humans live in leave traces in human biology or alters biological development in children

Question 9

Endemic

Answer 9

Disease that has a long history in the population, with little change in either prevalence or incidence over time

Question 10

Epidemic

Answer 10

A disease that dramatically increases its incidence and prevalence in a short amount of time

Question 11

Epidemiology

Answer 11

The Study of disease distribution in a population

Question 12

Ethnomedical systems

Answer 12

Healing traditions of a given culture.

Question 13

Evolution

Answer 13

Change in characteristics of a population over time

Question 14

Fitness

Answer 14

Reproductive success (in evolutionary terms)

Question 15

Illness

Answer 15

The subjective experience of symptoms and suffering, which motivates changes in behavior to alleviate that discomfort

Question 16

Incidence

Answer 16

The number of new cases of a disease in a particular time period

Question 17

Infant mortality

Answer 17

Death in the first year of life

Question 18

International Classification of Disease

Answer 18

A globally recognized listing of standard definitions of disease

Question 19

Interpretive approach

Answer 19

The attempt to understand medical systems, health, and disease strictly within their cultural contexts

Question 20

Life expectancy

Answer 20

The average number of years un individual can expect to live, given his or her current age

Question 21

Medicalization

Answer 21

The defining of a condition as a disease, or a condition in need of medical surveillance

Question 22

Morbidity

Answer 22

Disease or the symptoms of disease

Question 23

Mortality

Answer 23

Death

Question 24

Mutations

Answer 24

Mistakes made in the copying of DNA. Can lead to new antigens in pathogens, malignant cells, as in cancer, or new adaptive variants of a gene.

Question 25

Natural selection

Answer 25

A process through which individuals with traits that enhance their survival or reproduction

Question 26

Nosologies

Answer 26

A system of disease classification

Question 27

Pandemic

Answer 27

An epidemic that occurs on a global scale

Question 28

Prevalence

Answer 28

The total number of people with A disease in a particular time period

Question 29

Proximate

Answer 29

The immediate cause of some physiological disruption

Question 30

Race

Answer 30

Historically used to define those biologically different, now often used to refer to a group that is socially marked as biologically different

Question 31

Selective forces

Answer 31

Factors that derive from the environment that ultimately pose threats to health and well-being, survival, and reproduction

Question 32

Sickness

Answer 32

So disease, illness, or both, metimes equated with but has a sociological meaning as well

Question 33

Sick role

Answer 33

Socially recognized set of different expectations for those with a socially recognized disease or illness

Question 34

Stressors

Answer 34

Challenges to health and well-being, survival and reproduction, or anything that generates a physiological stress response

Question 35

Ultimate

Answer 35

The more "distant" socioaulture, political-economic, historical, ecological, or evolutionary causes of disease