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Aeronautical Laboratory 1 > Wind Tunnel Familiarization (new) > Flashcards

Wind Tunnel Familiarization (new) Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

machines for producing controlled stream of air flowing through tunnels of varying but controlled sizes

A

wind tunnels

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2
Q

enables us to study the effects of bodies moving through air or the resistance to moving air of manufactured models

A

wind tunnels

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3
Q

facilities (circular, elliptical or rectangular tunnels) in which the wind is produced by fans or by compressed air to study and measure the action of the air flow around a solid

A

wind tunnels

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4
Q

part of the circuit where the solid is studied

A

test section

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5
Q

The method of wind tunnel is based on the ________ enunciated by Isaac Newton in 1687.

A

principle of relativity

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6
Q

The object to be tested is ______ in the test section as to prevent the stream of air from moving the object.

A

fastened

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7
Q

the slow-moving layer of air adjacent to any wind-exposed body surface

A

boundary layer

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8
Q

first to make use of the “Whirling Arm”

A

Benjamin Robins

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9
Q

this machine had an arm with a length of 4 ft spun around by a falling weight acting on a pulley and spindle arrangement

A

whirling arm

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10
Q

The whirling arm brought light as to how different shaped objects, when moving through air is affected differently by air resistance, or _____.

A

drag

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11
Q

What limited Benjamin Robins experiments regarding the whirling arm?

A

the speed the arm can reach

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12
Q

He wrote and published in 1759 a paper that addressed the relationship between pressure and velocity for objects moving in water and air.

A

John Smeaton

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13
Q

Smeaton created what equation

A

drag equation

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14
Q

Father of Aviation

A

George Cayley

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15
Q

Two very important factors
that are related to flight identified by Cayley

A

lift and drag

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16
Q

In ______, an unpiloted glider was built and flew successfully based on test data gathered from Cayley’s whirling arm.

A

1804

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17
Q

became famous as the first man to launch himself into the air, fly, and land safely using a glider

A

Otto Lilienthal

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18
Q

What did Otto Lilienthal say?

A

“Sacrifices must be made.”

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19
Q

famous for his automatic machine gun creations

A

Hiram Stevens Maxim

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20
Q

Maxim used a huge whirling arm to test airfoils between 1872 to 1894 in his _________.

A

helicopter experiment

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21
Q

Maxim’s version of the whirling arm had a diameter of ____ with the arm boasting elaborate instrumentation to measure lift, drag, and relative air velocity.

A

64 ft

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22
Q

What can Maxim’s whirling arm measure?

A

lift, drag, relative air velocity

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23
Q

he built a large whirling arm, 60 ft in diameter, and was spun around by 10 hp engine

A

Samuel Langley

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24
Q

One of Langley’s experiments with the arm attained speeds up to ______.

A

100 mph

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25
first individual to design a wind tunnel
Frank H. Wenham
26
When did Frank H. Wenham build a wind tunnel?
1871
27
In Wenham's wind tunnel, what drove the air through a duct to the test section where the model was mounted?
steam-powered fan
28
Maximum velocity of air in Wenham's wind tunnel
40 mph
29
Two varieties measured in Wenham's tunnel
lift-to-drag ratio, effect of different aspect ratios
30
he began experimenting with lifting curved surfaces in the 1880s
Horatio Frederick Phillips
31
He tried to carry out tests similar to Wenham's with his own wind tunnel
Horatio Frederick Phillips
32
he eliminated the problems associated with airflow fluctuation that troubled Wenham by using a steam injection system to generate the airflow
Horatio Frederick Phillips
33
What did Phillips use to eliminate the problem associated with airflow fluctuation?
steam injection system
34
built a small wind tunnel at the foot of the Eiffel Tower to study the effect of the wind on more precise fixed points
Gustave Eiffel
35
became an adversary of the Wrights in their legal battles
Dr. Albert Francis Zahm
36
In October 1901, their small wind tunnel was created.
Wright Brothers
37
first to make use of the "Whirling Arm"
Benjamin Robins
38
What is the Drag Equation?
D=CD(k)(S)(V^2)
39
Used huge whirling arm to test airfoils
Hiram Stevens Maxim
40
used huge whirling arm to test airfoils yet met frustrations and limitations
Samuel P. Langley
41
designed the world's first wind tunnel
Francis Herbert Wenham
42
was unimpressed with Francis Wenham's experiments thus creating his own wind tunnel
Horatio Frederick Phillips
43
Classification/Types of Wind Tunnel
Speed Regimes, Geometry
44
Types of Wind Tunnel under Geometry
open return, closed return, intermittent, continuous
45
Types of Wind Tunnel under Speed Regimes
sonic, subsonic, transonic, supersonic, hypersonic
46
Speed Regime (Sonic)
M = 1.0
47
Speed Regime (Subsonic)
0
48
Speed Regime (Transonic)
0.8
49
Speed Regime (Supersonic)
1.2
50
Speed Regime (Hypersonic)
M>5.0
51
These are wind tunnels used to test objects at low Mach numbers or speeds slower than the speed of sound and below sonic speed.
Subsonic
52
are wind tunnels used to study high-speed aerodynamic flows around aircraft and to investigate how these flows interact with the stores and other attachments carried and released from the wings and fuselage
transonic wind tunnels
53
Max Mach number of Calspan Transonic Wind Tunnel
1.3
54
notable in this regime is the appearance of shock waves
supersonic
55
are very small regions in the gas where the gas properties change by a large amount
shockwaves
56
most are designed for intermittent instead of continuous operation
supersonic wind tunnels
57
these types of wind tunnels are used to test flight characteristics in a hypersonic region of Mach number 5 or more
hypersonic
58
other term for open return
Eiffel type
59
other term for closed return
Prandtl or Göttingen type
60
The open circuit arrangements, collect air upstream is accelerated in a contraction consisting of a conduit of convergent section; low construction cost; superior design for propulsion and smoke visualization; no accumulation of exhaust products in an open tunnel
open return or Eiffel type
61
its corners typically consist of 90 degree bends; air circulates continuously within the wind tunnel
close return or Prandtl or Göttingen type
62
To limit the pressure losses at the corners and avoid the formation of secondary re-circulating flows in a Close Return, the corners are usually equipped with ______.
guide vanes
63
make use of surging air flow at a particular set of intervals
intermittent
64
In this type of tunnel, the compressor continuously adds energy to the flow to allow the continuous air flow through the tunnel. As a result, the air is continuously heated.
Continuous
65
Elements of a Wind Tunnel
test section, contraction cone, diffuser, drive section
66
most delicate part of the tunnel
test section
67
part of the wind tunnel where the air flow accelerates
contraction cone
68
a divergent section between the test section and the suction fan located downstream of the tunnel
diffuser
69
drives the flow of air through the wind tunnel by producing an increase in pressure in the flow
drive section
70
determines how the working fluid is moved through the test section
drive section

Aeronautical Laboratory 1 (6 decks)

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