wine_study_2015_reverse_questions_20171031182248 Flashcards
(452 cards)
1
Q
The two fermentable sugars found in grapes
A
Glucose and Fructose
2
Q
The acid that is found in green apples
A
Malic Acid
3
Q
The main acid found in grapes and wine
A
Tartaric Acid
4
Q
A highly volatile acid, often found in vinegar
A
Acetic Acid
5
Q
The main type of potable alcohol found in wine
A
Ethanol or Ethyl Alcohol
6
Q
Molecules that are formed by the joining of an acid and an alcohol
A
Esters
7
Q
This wine fault is often described as smelling like “burnt matches”
A
Sulfur Dioxide
8
Q
This fault is often described as smelling like “rotten eggs”
A
Hydrogen Sulfide
9
Q
This type of molecule often results when wine is exposed to air
A
Aledhyde
10
Q
This wine fault often smells like nail polish remover
A
Ethyl Acetate
11
Q
This substance often makes a wine smell of onions or garlic
A
Mercaptan
12
Q
This compound is likely to make a wine smell like rancid butter
A
Butyric Acid
13
Q
This compound is responsible for the red, blue, or purple hues of red wines
A
Anthocyanin
14
Q
This acid is likely to crystallize and form “wine diamonds”
A
Tartaric Acid
15
Q
Wines in the US are required to state “contains sulfites” on the label if they contain sulfites at (or higher) than this level
A
10 ppm
16
Q
The common name of the wine fault caused by TCA (2,4,6-trichloranisole)
A
Cork Taint (or, “corked”)
17
Q
The bacteria that can turn wine into vinegar
A
Acetobacter
18
Q
The chemical that gives Sherries their unique “oxidized” aroma
A
Acetaldehyde
19
Q
The most likely cause of the “geranium” fault
A
Incomplete malo-lactic fermentation
20
Q
The most likely cause of a wine that has an unpleasant aroma of Band-Aids, as well as a “sweaty” or “horsy” odor
A
Brettanomyces (Brett)
21
Q
Vitis Vinifera
A
The main grape species used for commecial winemaking.
22
Q
Variety
A
Common term for grape subspecies
23
Q
Vitis Labrusca
A
Native North American grape species useful for commercial viticulture
24
Q
Cross or Crossing
A
Term used for the offspring created via typical reproduction of two varieties within the same species
25
Hybrid
Term used for the offspring created via typical reproduction of two closely related by different species
26
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc X Sauvignon Blanc
27
Chardonnay
White grape grown in Burgundy and Champagne
28
Steen
South African name for Chenin Blanc
29
Muscat
White grape made into sweet wines in Rutherglen
30
Pinot Gris
White grape also known as Grauburgunder
31
Riesling
Leading white grape of Australia's Clare Valley
32
Sauvignon Blanc
White grape grown in Sancerre
33
Fumé Blanc
Term created by Robert Mondavi for a certain style of Sauvignon Blanc
34
Semillon
Leading white grape of Hunter Valley
35
Weissburgunder
German name for Pinot Blanc
36
Ugni Blanc
Predominant white grape variety of Cognac
37
Trebbiano (aka Ugni Blanc)
Most widely grown white grape in Italy
38
Chenin Blanc
White grape variety of Savennières
39
Sauvignon Blanc
White grape variety of Pouilly-Fumé
40
Cabernet Franc
Red grape variety of Chinon
41
Cabernet Sauvignon
Most widely planted red grape variety in the world
42
Grenache
Red grape also known as Cannonau
43
Pinot Noir
Leading red grape variety of Burgundy
44
Grenache-Syrah-Mourvedre
The three grapes of the G-S-M blend
45
Sangiovese
Leading red grape variety of Chianti
46
Nebbiolo
Red grape variety of Barolo
47
Tempranillo
Red grape also known as Tinta Roriz
48
Malbec
Red grape of Cahors
49
Zinfandel
California's uniqiue grape variety known for "jammy" blackberry and spicy flavors
50
Tempranillo
Leading red grape variety of Rioja
51
Canes
Term used for a vine's branches, while they are young and pliable
52
Canopy
Term for the portion of the vine that includes branches, leaves, and fruit
53
Field Grafting
Term use for the process where an unrooted cutting is inserted into the trunk of an existing vine
54
20 years
Age at which a grapevine begins to decline in vigor
55
Between 30 and 50 degrees
Ideal degrees of latitude for commercial viticulture
56
50 degrees F
Minimum temperature required for budbreak
57
Warm and dry (rain or wind can hinder fertilization)
Ideal weather conditions for flowering
58
Berry set or Fruit set
Term used for the transition from flower to berry
59
Coulure ("Shatter")
Condition where many flowers do not develop into grapes
60
Millerandage
Abnormal fruit set resulting in many small, seedless berries in the grape bunches
61
Veraison
The ripening of the grapes
62
140 to 160 days
Typical time period from bud break to harvest
63
Photosynthesis
The process by which sunlight is used by the vine to create sugar?
64
Transpiration
Process by which water evaporates through the openings in the vine's leaves
65
Respiration
Process by which sugars are broken down and used by the vine as energy
66
Translocation
Process by which materials are moved from one area of a plant to another
67
Terroir
French term for the combined natural factors of a vineyard
68
Crushing
The process of breaking open the grape berries and allowing the juice to flow.
69
Cold Soak
The process of allowing contact between grape skins and grape juice before fermentation starts
70
Pressing
The process of separating the grape juice from the skins and other solids
71
Must
Grape juice, or a mixture of juice and solids, that is destined to be fermented into wine
72
Free Run
Considered to be the highest quality juice in the batch
73
Grappa
Italian term for "Pomace Brandy"
74
Chaptalization
Adding sugar to the juice/juice mixture before fermentation ------
75
Debourbage
French term for "juice settling" ------
76
225
Number of liters in a 60-gallon barrel
77
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Typical strain of yeast used for winemaking
78
Malolactic fermentation
Type of fermentation carried out by lactic bacteria
79
Diacetyl
Type of ester, created by MLF, that smells "buttery"
80
Lees
Term used for expired yeast cells and other solid matter in a newly fermented wine ------
81
Batonnage (Lees Stirring)
The process of stirring the dead yeas cells and other solid matter into a wine while aging
82
Racking
A gentle form of clarification that uses gravity, allowing solids to sink to the bottom of the container.
83
Fining
A form of clarification that uses an inert material such as gelatin or bentonite to bind to solid particles ------
84
Filtering
A type of clarification that involves straining the wine through a barrier with small openings ------
85
Centrifuge
A type of clarification that uses a large piece of laboratory equipment in order to accelerate gravity. ------
86
Cold stabilization
A type of clarification used to prevent the formation of tartrates ------
87
Maceration
Term used for the extraction of color, tannin, and flavor components from red wine skins during wine production ------
88
Pumping Over
Method of cap manageemnt that involves moving juice from the bottom of the tank and spraying it over the top of the cap
89
Delestage
The French term for "rack and return" ------
90
Polymerization
The "binding together" of tannin molecules as red wine ages and matures ------
91
Barrique
French name for a 225-liter barrel ------
92
Carbonic Maceration
Alternative method of red wine fermentation sometimes referred to as "whole berry fermentation" ------
93
Saignee
Method used to produce both hearty reds and rose' wines by "bleeding" off some of the juice. ------
94
Direct Press
Method used to produce very pale rose', such as those made in Provence ------
95
Eiswein
Type of wine made in German from frozen grapes ------
96
Fortification
Adding distilled spirits to a wine
97
Botrytis Cinerea
Type of fungus present in the grapes used to make Sauternes ------
98
Methode Champenoise ( Traditional Method)
The most highly regarded method of sparkling wine production
99
Pupitre
French term for a riddling rack
100
Assemblage
French term for the blending stage of sparkling wine production
101
Tete de Cuvee
Another term for Prestige sparkling wines, literally translated to "cream of the crop"
102
Blanc de Blancs
Sparkling wine made using only white grapes
103
Blanc de Noirs
Sparkling wine made using only red grapes
104
Debourbage
French term for "juice settling" ------
105
Liqueur de tirage
Mixture of base wine, sugar, and yeast that is added to induce the second fermentation of a sparkling wine
106
Autolysis
Term used for the decomposition of yeast cells during sur lie aging
107
Remuage
French term for riddling
108
Disgorging
Proess by which the dead yeast cells are removed from a bottle of Champagne
109
Dosage
Small amount of wine (and sometimes sugar) used to replace the volume lost in the disgorging of Champagne
110
Charmat or Cuvee Close
Alternative name for the "tank method" of sparkling wine production
111
Partial Fermentation
Method used to produce Moscato d'Asti
112
Mutage
Process of halting fermentation by adding high-alcohol spirits while the must still has a significant amound of sugar
113
Fino and Oloroso
Two main styles of Sherry
114
Solera system
Complex series of barrels used for aging Sherry
115
Biological aging
Type of aging that occurs in a Sherry that is aged with flor yeast
116
Oxidative aging
Type of aging that occurs in Sherry that is aged without the presence of flor yeast
117
Vin doux Naturel
Lighly fortified sweet wines produced throughout th South of France
118
Vin de Liqueur
Product produced by fortifying grape juice or must before (or very soon after) fermentation begins
119
Roussillon
Region where Banyuls is produced
120
Rhone
Region where Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise is produced
121
Cyprus
County where Commandaria is produced
122
Extra BrutBrutExtra DrySecDemi-SecDox
Put these styles of spakling wine in order, from driest to sweetest: BrutDouxExtra BrutExtra DryDemi SecSec
123
Spain
Country with the largest vineyard acreage in the world
124
France, Italy, and Spain (the exact order tends to vary by year)
Top three wine-producing countries, worldwide
125
Germany (2014 Study Guide)United States (2015 Study Guide)
Leading country for wine IMPORTS
126
1993
Year the European Union was created
127
60% (2014)
% of the world's wine produced by the EU
128
1-Aug-09
Date the EU's "Umbrella Framework" of revised wine regulations took effect.
129
Protected Designation of Origin
PDO
130
Protected Geographical Indication
PGI
131
31-Dec-11
The EU permits continuing use of preexisting wine designations, if they were already in place by this date
132
100%
If a protected place name is used on a PDO wine, what % must be from the named place?
133
85%
EU Labeling Laws: If a protected place is used on a PGI wine, what % must be from the named place?
134
85%
EU Labeling Laws: If a vintage date is used on a wine label, what % must be from the named vintage?
135
85%
EU Labeling Laws: If a single grape variety is used on a wine label, what % must be the named variety?
136
Quality Sparkling Wine
EU labeling term allowed for any sparkling wine made via second fermentation in the bottle, subject to disgorgement and lees aging
137
Aerated Sparkling Wine
EU term for sparkling wines that are carbonated
138
Ugni Blanc (aka Trebbiano)
The most widely planted white grape in France
139
Merlot
The most widely planted red grape in France
140
AOC/AOP (top)Vin de Pays (IGP/PGI)Vin (fomerly "Vin de Table")
The three levels of the French wine "quality pyramid"
141
300,000 acres
Total acreage of vines in Bordeaux
142
Approx. 61 million cases
Annual porduction of Bordeaux in cases
143
The GaronneThe DordogneThe Gironde
The three main rivers of Bordeaux
144
Libourne
Main town on the right bank of Bordeaux
145
The Medoc
Area north of the city of Bordeaux, on the left bank
146
Graves
Area south of the city of Bordeaux, on the left bank
147
Entre-Deux-Mers
Area between the Dordogne and the Garonne
148
89%
Percentage of Bordeaux's vineyards planted to red grapes
149
Claret
British term for red Bordeaux
150
Sauvignon Blanc, Sémillon, Muscadelle
Three main white grape varieties of Bordeaux
151
Cabernet SauvignonMerlotCabernet Franc
Three main red grape varieties of Bordeaux
152
Cabernet Sauvignon
Main red grape of Bordeaux's left bank
153
Merlot
Main red grape of Bordeaux's right bank
154
Bordeaux AOC, Cremant de Bourdeaux AOC,Bordeaux Superieur AOC
Three regional AOCs of Bordeaux
155
St. EstephePauillacSt. Julien Margaux
Four highrest-ranking communes of the Medoc
156
Pessac - Leognan
Large appellation for dry white wines in Graves
157
En primeur
Term used for Bordeaux wines sold "in futures"
158
Haut - BrionLafite - RothschildMouton Rothschild (promoted in 1973)MargauxLatour
Five properties that are classified as Bordeaux Premier Cru (as per the Classification of 1855)
159
1954
Year the wines of St.-Emilion were first classified
160
AngelusAusoneCheval-BlancPavie
Four properties classified as St-Emilion Grand Cru Classe' Category A
161
Cru Bourgeois
Classification for the best properties in the Medoc that were not incuded in the 1855 list
162
Cru Artisan
Classification for small, family-owned and operated wine estates in the Medoc
163
Pineau de la Loire
Regional name for Chenin Blanc used in the Loire
164
Melon de Bourgogne
Grape variety used in Muscadet
165
Breton
Regional name for Cabernet Franc used in the Loire
166
Bonnezeaux Quarts-de-Chaume
Two subregions of Coteaux du Layon
167
Quarts-de-Chaume
The Loire Valley's only Grand Cru
168
Chenin Blanc
Grape variety of Vouvray
169
ChinonBourgueilSt-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil
Three red wine appellations of Touraine
170
Sauvingon Blanc (white), Pinot Noir (red)
Grape Variety of Sancerre
171
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier
Three leading grape varieties of Champagne
172
Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Petit Meslier, Arbane
Four minor grape varieties of Champagne
173
Cuvee
Term used for the juice extracted from the free run and the first light pressing of grapes destined for Champagne
174
Taille
Juice from the later pressings of grapes destined for Champagne; generally used for demi-sec or extra-dry Champagne:
175
Rebeche
Juice and residue from the last pressing of grapes in Champagne production
176
12 months
MInimum lees aging for Champagne
177
3 years
Minimum lees aging for vintage Champagne
178
Echelle des crus
Classification system for the villages of Champagne
179
17
Number of Grand Cru villages in Champagne
180
Recoltant-Manipulant ("Grower Champagne")
RM
181
Rose de Riceys
AOC for still (non-sparkling) pink wines, located at the south end of the Champagne region
182
Coteaux Champenois
AOC for still wines that covers most of the land within the Champagne region
183
Bas-RhinHaut-Rhin
Two main regions of Alsace
184
Alsace AOCAlsace Grand CruCremant d'Alsace
Three types of appellations in Alsace
185
RieslingGewurztraminerMuscatPinot Gris
Four "noble grapes" of Alsace
186
Chardonnay
Eleventh grape of Alsace; only allowed in sparkling wines
187
Edelzwicker
Term used in Alsace for blended wines
188
Vendage Tardive
Late-harvest wine made in Alsace
189
Climat
Term used in Burgundy to describe plots of land whose boundaries have been defined by terroir
190
Pinot NoirChardonnay
Two main grapes of Burgundy
191
33
Number of Burgundy Grands Crus
192
Les Clos Vaudesir Valmur Blanchot Bougros Les Preuses Grenouilles
The seven parcels of the Chablis Grand Cru
193
A Grand Cru in the Cote de Nuits
What is Chambertin
194
A Grand Cru in the Cote de Nuits
What is Clos de Vougeot
195
A Grand Cru of the Cote de Beaune
What is Montrachet
196
Aligote'
Minor white grape of Burgundy, most widely grown in the Cotes Chalonnaise
197
Mercurey
Largest communal appellation of the Cote Chalonnaise
198
Chablis, Chablis Grand Cru, Petit Chablis
The three appellations of Chablis
199
24
Number of Grand Cru vineyards in the Cote de Nuits
200
8
Number of Grand Cru vineyards in the Cote de Beaune
201
Corton (approved for both red and white)
The only Grand Cru of the Cote de Beaune to produce red wine
202
Pouilly-Fuisse', St-Veran
Two largest communcal AOCs in the Macon; approved only for white wine
203
Gamay
Main grape variety in Beaujolais
204
Granite
Soil type prized in the Northern parts of Beaujolais
205
Third Thursday in November
Beaujolais Nouveau release date
206
ChiroublesFleurieSt-Amour
Three Beaujolias Cru known for lighter styles of the wine
207
Brouilly, Cote de Brouilly, Julienas, Regnie
Four Beaujolais Cru known for medium to fuller-bodied styles
208
Chenas, Moulin-a-Vent, Morgon
Three Beaujolais Cru known for age-worthy styles
209
Cote Rotie
The Roasted Hillside
210
Viognier
Main grape variety of Condrieu
211
Syrah (100%)
Grape variety of Cornas
212
Vin doux Naturel of the Souther Rhone
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
213
Rasteau
Red Vin doux Naturel of the Southern Rhone
214
Chateauneuf - du - Pape
Most famous red wine of the Southern Rhone
215
Tavel
Rhone appellation that produces 100% rose
216
The Southern Rhone
Where is Gigondas located?
217
The Norhtern Rhone
Where is St.-Joseph located?
218
Clairette de Die
Sparkling wine produced using the Methode Ancestrale Dioise
219
Malbec
Grape variety of Cahors
220
Tannat
Grape variety of Madiran
221
Mourvedre
Grape variety of Bandol
222
88%
Percentage of wine produced in Provence that is rose'
223
14
Number of DOCGs in the Veneto
224
Corvina
Primary red grape of Valpolicella
225
Garganega (min 70%)
Primary grape of Soave
226
Glera
Primary grape variety of Prosecco
227
Appassimento
Dried-grape process
228
Ripasso
Process that re-uses the sediment from Amarone or other wine
229
Recioto della Valpolicella
Sweet wine made in Valpolicella
230
Chiaretto (the term is used for other wines as well)
Name used for Bardolino rose'
231
Appellation used for sparkling wines in Trentino
Trento DOC
232
Conegliano-Valdobbiadene Prosecco SuperioreColli Asolani
Two DOCGs that produce Prosecco
233
Nebbiolo
Grape variety of Barolo and Barbaresco
234
Cortese
Grape variety of Gavi
235
Spanna
Alternative name for Nebbiolo used in parts of Piedmont
236
AstiMoscato d'AstiBrachetto d'Acqui
Sparkling wines produced in Piedmont
237
Franciacorta
Metodo Classico sparkling wine produced in Lombardy
238
Barbera
Leading grape of Piedmont
239
Chiavennasca
Alternative name for Nebbiolo used in Valtellina
240
Sassicaia
The "original" Super-Tuscan
241
Colli Aretini, Colli FiorentiniColli Senesi, Colline PisaneMatalbano, MontespertoliRufina
The seven sub-zones of the Chianti DOCG
242
70%
Minimum % of Sangiovese for Chianti DOCG wines
243
80%
Minimum % of Sangiovese for Chianti Classico DOCG wines
244
Chianti Classico Gran Selezione
New classification for estate-grown Chianti Classico
245
Carmignano
Tuscan DOCG that requires a minimum of 10% Cabernet Sauvignon or Cabernet Franc
246
Vernaccia di San Gimignano
Tuscany's DOCG white wine
247
Albana di Romagna
White DOCG wine of Emilia-Romagna
248
Marches (Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi and Verdiccho di Matelica)
Region well-known for its DOCG white wines produced with Verdicchio
249
Umbria
Region that produces Orvieto
250
Trebbiano and Malvasia
Main grapes of Frascati and Est! Est!! Est!!!
251
Aglianico
Main grape of Taurasi
252
Sicily
Region that produces Marsala
253
Oloroso
Type of Sherry that ages without flor influence
254
Manzanilla
Type of Sherry aged in the town of Sanlucar de Barrameda
255
Consejo Regulador ("regulating council")
Regulating body of each DO
256
RiojaPriorat
The two DOCa wines of Spain
257
Vinos de Pago
Classification for "estate wines"
258
6 months in barrel/2 years total(Red Rioja requires 12 months in barrel)
Minimum aging time for red wine labeled "crianza"
259
12 months in barrel/3 years total
Minimum aging time for red wine labeled "reserva"
260
18 months in barrel/5 years total
Minimum aging time for red wine labeled "gran reserva"
261
6 months in barrel/1 year total
Minimum aging time for white wine labeled "crianza"
262
6 months in barrel/2 years total
Minimum aging time for white wine labeled "reserva"
263
6 months in barrel/4 years total
Minimum aging time for white wine labeled "gran reserva"
264
Albarino, Loureira, Treixadura
Three main grapes of Rias Baixas
265
Verdejo
Main grape variety of Rueda
266
Tempranillo (75% minimum) (Known here as Tinta del Pais)
Main grape variety of Ribera del Duero
267
Rioja AltaRioja AlavesaRioja Baja
Three sub-regions of Rioja
268
Viura (51% minimum)
Main grape variety of white Rioja
269
Garnacha
Main grape variety of Rioja Rosado
270
Macabeo
Alternative name for Viura
271
Catalonia
The only autonomous region of Spain that has a DO covering the entire area
272
Garnacha
Primary grape variety of Priorat
273
Llicorella
Famous, rocky soil of Priorat
274
Parellada, Macabeo, Xarel-lo
Three main grape varieties of Cava
275
Palomino, Moscatel, Pedro Ximenez
Three main grapes of Sherry
276
Albariza, Barro, Arena
Three main soils of Sherry
277
Fino
Type of Sherry that ages under flor
278
Castelao
Most widely planted red grape of Portugal
279
Trincadeira
Grape also known as Tinta Amarela
280
Baga
Very high tannic red grape; one of the most widely grown red grapes of Portugal
281
Fernao-Pires (aka Maria-Gomes)
Most widely planted white grape in Portugal
282
Minho VR
VR where Vinho Verde is produced
283
Alvarinho and Loureiro
Two main white grapes of white vinho verde
284
Baixo CorgoCima CorgoDouro Superior
Three subregions of the Douro DOC
285
Touriga Nacional, Touriga FranceTinta Roriz, Tinta BarrocaTinta Cao
Five preferred varieties of Port:
286
Tinta Roriz
Term used for Tempranillo in Portugal
287
Cadastro
System used to rank the vineyards of the Douro
288
Beneficio
Term for the "volume" allowed for a vineyard in the Douro, based on its classification
289
Vila Nova de Gaia
Town where most of the big Port lodges are located
290
Ruby
The simplest style of Port; generally aged two years in large oak vats before filtering and bottling
291
Tawny
Port that has been aged for at least six years before being bottled
292
Single Quinta
Port made from the grapes of a single vineyard
293
Colheita
Single-vintage tawny Port
294
SercialVerdelhoBoalMalvasia
Four noble grapes of Madeira
295
Tinta Negra Mole
The most widely grown grape on the island of Madeira
296
Canteiro Method
Aging process for Madeira that involves storing the wine in the rafters of an uncooled warehouse
297
Estufa Method
Aging process for Madeira that involves aging the wine in a heated vat
298
Riesling
Most widely planted white grape in Germany
299
Muller-Thurgau
Second most widely planted white grape in Germany
300
Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir)
Most widely planted red grape in Germany
301
Grauburgunder/Rulander
German name for Pinot Gris
302
Weissburgunder
German name for Pinot Blanc
303
Deutscher Wein
Term used for basic "table wine" made from 100% German grapes
304
Geschutzte Geographische Angabe: Term used for the PGI category formerly known as "Landwein"
ggA
305
QbA (Qualitatswein) and Pradikatswein
Two categories of wine that are collectively classified as "gU"
306
Kabinett
The lowest (least-ripe) level of the German Pradikat
307
Spatlese
Level of the German Pradikat that translates to "late harvest"
308
Auslese
Level of the German Pradikat that translates to "selected harvest"
309
Beerenauslese
Level of the German Pradikat that translates to "selected berries"
310
Trockenbeerenauslese
Level of the German Pradikat that translates to "selected dried berries"
311
Kabinett - SpatleseAuslese - Beerenauslese & EisweinTrockenbeerenauslese
Levels of the German Pradikat, in order from lowest possible ripeness to highest
312
Oechsle
Scale used in Germany to determine grape ripeness (density)
313
Anbaugebiete
Germany has 13 of these recognized wine regions
314
Bereiche
Germany has ~40 of these "regional" or "district"-style appellations
315
Grosslagen
Germany has ~163 of these appellations, which are basically geography-based groupings of vineyards
316
Einzellagen
Germany has more than 2,700 of these appellations, which come close to being "single vineyard" appellations
317
The Verband Deutscher Pradikatsweinguter (Association of German Pradikat Wine Estates)
VDP
318
VDP Grosse Lage
VDP term for the highest-level vineyards of a recognized estate
319
A type of German rose'
Weissherbst
320
Sekt or Schaumwein
Term used for German sparkling wine
321
Baden
German wine region located just across the Rhine River from Alsace
322
Sachen and Saale Unstrut
Two wine regions located in the former East Germany
323
Gruner Veltliner
Leading grape variety of Austria
324
Morillon
Name often used in Austria for Chardonnay
325
Zweigelt
Most widely planted red grape in Austria
326
KMW (Klosterneuburger Mostwaage)
Austrian measure for must weight
327
Ausbruch
Level of the Austrian Pradikat found between Beerenauslese and TBA
328
DAC (Districtus Austriae Controllatus)
Austria's highest-level appellation
329
Strohwein
Dried-grape wine made in Austria
330
Bergwein
Mountain Wine made in Austria
331
Red wine of Hungary; also called Bikaver
Bull's Blood
332
Tokaji
Famous dessert wine of Hungary
333
Furmint, Harslevelu
Main white grapes of Tokaji
334
Puttonyos
Grading system used to rank the sweetness levels of Tokaji
335
Chasselas (Fendant)
Leading white grape of Switzerland
336
Rkatsiteli
Most widely planted white grape of Georgia (and much of Eastern Europe)
337
Crimea (the Crimean Peninsula)
Region in Ukraine with a long history of sparkling wine production
338
Xinomavro
Greek red grape, widely grown in Macedonia, that is often compared to Pinot Noir
339
Mavrodaphne
Greek red grape used mainly for sweet fortified wines, such as those from Patras
340
Moschofilero
Pink-skinned grape widely grown in the Peloponnese
341
Assyritiko
Well-known high-acid white grape variety originally from Santorini
342
OPE
Highest quality level of wine appellation in Greece, used only for sweet wines.
343
OPAP
PDO-level classification for dry, unfortified Greek Wines
344
OKP
Greek wine classification used for retsina
345
Cava or Kava
Term used for a Greek table wine that has been aged for a minimum of two years (white) or three years (red)
346
Commandaria
Famous fortified wine of Cyprus
347
Samos
Greek island, located in the Aegean Sea, known for producing several different versions of sweet white wine
348
Cascades
Mountain Range that forms a rain shadow for Washington State Vineyards
349
Puget Sound
Washington State AVA that contains Seattle, Tacoma, and Olympia
350
Cabernet Sauvignon
Leading red grape of Washington State
351
Columbia Valley
Largest AVA in Washington State
352
Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley
Washington State AVA named for the pothole lakes formed by the Missoula Floods
353
Horse Heaven Hills AVA
AVA located directly south of the Yakima Valley AVA
354
Columbia ValleyColumbia GorgeWalla Walla Valley
Three AVAs that straddle the Washington and Oregon State lines
355
Chardonnay
Leading white grape variety of Washington State
356
Pinot Noir
Leading red grape variety of Oregon
357
Pinot Gris
Leading white grape variety of Oregon
358
Dundee HIlls, Ribbon RidgeEola-Amity Hills, McMinnvilleYamhill-Carlton District, Chehalem Mountains
Six sub-appellations of the Willamette Valley AVA
359
Applegate Valley
Sub-appellation of the Rogue Valley
360
Elkton OregonRed Hill Douglas County
Two sub-appellations of the Umpqua Valley
361
Snake River Valley
Appellation shared by Oregon and Idaho
362
Finger Lakes AVA
Largest wine-producing AVA of New York State
363
Dr. Konstantin Frank
Viticulturist who introduced vinifera grapes to New York State
364
The Okanagan Valley
The premiere winegrowing area of British Columbia
365
The Brotherhood Winery in the Hudson River Region AVA
Oldest continuously operating winery in North America
366
VQA - Vintner's Quality Alliance
Canada's voluntary appellation system
367
The Niagara Peninsula
Leading appellation of Ontario
368
North CoastSierra FoothillsSan Francisco BayCentral CoastSouth Coast
The five "super-AVAs" of California
369
The Central Valley
This large area grows the majority of California's grapes, but is not an official AVA.
370
45,000 acres
Approx. vineyard acreage of Napa Conty
371
San Pablo Bay
Body of water that cools the southern areas of Napa County
372
Cabernet Sauvignon
Leading grape variety of Napa County
373
Carneros (Los Carneros)
Napa AVA shared with Sonoma County
374
Wild Horse Valley
Napa AVA shared with Solano County
375
Calistoga - St HelenaRutherford - OakvilleStags Leap District - Yountville
Valley Floor appellations of Napa Valley
376
Chiles Valley
Eastern-most AVA of Napa Valley
377
Mayacamas Mountains
Mountain range on the border between Napa and Sonoma
378
Vaca Mountains
Mountain range located in the eastern portion of Napa County
379
Howell Mountain
Elevation-specific AVA of Napa
380
Chardonnay
Leading grape variety of Sonoma County
381
Pinot Noir
Leading red grape variety of Sonoma County
382
Green Valley
Subregion of the Russian River Valley AVA
383
Fort Ross-Seaview
Subregion of the Sonoma Coast AVA
384
Sonoma Valley AVA
AVA that contains the Bennet Valley and Sonoma Mountain AVAs
385
Chalk Hill
AVA in Sonoma named for chalky volcanic soils
386
Anderson Valley
AVA located within the Mendocino AVA well-known for sparkling wines
387
Mendocino Ridge
AVA known as "Islands in the Sky"
388
Lake County
County where the Guenoc Valley AVA is located
389
Monterey
County that contains the Chalone, Arroyo Seco, and Santa Lucia Highlands AVAs (among others)
390
San Luis Obispo
County that contains the Paso Robles AVA
391
Monterey
County that contains the Hames Valley AVA
392
Santa Barbara
County that contains the Santa Ynez Valley AVA
393
North Yuba, Fiddletown, El Dorado, California Shenandoah Valley, Fair Play
Five sub-AVAs of the Sierra Foothills AVA
394
Lodi
AVA in California's Central Valley, located directly east of San Francisco
395
Alta Mesa, Borden Ranch, Clements Hills, Cosumnes River, Jahant, Mokelumne River, Sloughhouse
Seven sub-appellations of Lodi
396
Northern Sonoma AVA
AVA that contains the Russian River Valley, Dry Creek Valley, and Knights Valley AVAs
397
Dry Creek Valley
Sonoma County AVA specializing in Zinfandel
398
Malbec and Torrontes
Two "signature" grapes of Argentina
399
Lujan de Cuyo, San Rafael
Two established DOC regions in Argentina
400
Jujuy, Salta, Catamarca
The three northernmost wine-producing provinces in Argentina
401
Cafayate
Subregion of Salta well-known for high-altitude Torrontes
402
La Rioja
Wine-producing province located just south of Catamarca in Argentina
403
Mendoza
Province that accounts for over 70% of Argentina's vineyards
404
Rio Negro, Neuquen
Two wine-producing regions located in Patagonia
405
Bonarda
Italian wine grape variety that is among Argentina's leading red grapes
406
San Juan
Argentina's second largest wine region, in terms of acreage under vine
407
Cabernet Sauvignon
Leading grape variety of Chile
408
Carmenere
This grape was previously mistaken for Merlot in Chile
409
Costa (Coast)Entre Cordilleras (Between the Mountains)Andes
Three new geographical terms (as of 2011) used to describe Chile's wine geography
410
AtacamaCoquimboAconcaguaCentral ValleyDel Sur (Southern Regions)
The five main wine regions of Chile, from North to South:
411
Humboldt Current
Cold ocean current that cools the Chilean Coast
412
Elqui ValleyLimari ValleyChoapa
Three sub-regions of the Coquimbo region
413
Aconcagua ValleyCasablanca ValleySan Antionio Valley
Three sub-regions of the Aconcagua region
414
Maipo Valley
Wine region surrounding the city of Santiago de Chile
415
Cachapoal ValleyColchagua Valley
Two zones of Chile's Rapel Valley
416
Claro ValleyLoncomilla ValleyTutuven Valley
Three sub-regions of Chile's Maule Valley
417
Tannat
Leading grape variety of Uruguay
418
Geographical Indications (GI)
Australia's place-of-origin system
419
The Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation
Agency that oversees Australia's wine place-of-origin system
420
Hunter Valley
Australian region known for varietal Semillon
421
Rutherglen
Australian region known for fortified Muscat
422
Tasmania
Island located off the coast of Victoria; part of Australia known for cool-climate wines
423
Terra Rosa
Famous soil of Coonawarra
424
Clare ValleyEden Valley
Two Australian regions best known for Riesling
425
South AustraliaNew South WalesVictoriaWestern AustraliaTasmania
Top five wine-producing states in Australia
426
The Great Dividing Range
Australia's primary mountain range
427
ShirazChardonnay
Leading red and white grape of Australia
428
The Southern Alps
Primary mountain chain of New Zealand's South Island
429
85%
Percentage of New Zealand's wine production that is white wine
430
Hawke's Bay
Leading region for Cabernet Sauvignon in New Zealand
431
Gimblett Gravels
Subregion of Hawke's Bay known for "gravel" in the soil
432
Gisborne
The self-proclaimed "Chardonnay Capital of New Zealand"
433
Canterbury
Wine region surrounding the city of Christchurch
434
Marlborough
Region where over 60% of New Zealand's vines are planted
435
Central Otago
The sourthernmost wine region in New Zealand
436
Nelson
Wine region located just to the west of Marlborough
437
Pinot NoirSauvignon Blanc
Leading red and white grape of New Zealand
438
Constantia (Vin de Constance)
Historic dessert wine of South Africa, produced since the 1700s
439
1918
Year the KWV was begun
440
The Benguela Current
Cold ocean current that flows up from Antarctica
441
The Cape Doctor
Southerly wind that blows across the vineyards near the coast of South Africa
442
Steen
South African name for Chenin Blanc
443
Muscat of Alexandria
Hanepoot
444
Cape Riesling (not a true Riesling)
Crochen Blanc
445
Blend with a minimum of 30% Pinotage
Cape Blend
446
Pinot Noix X Cinsaut
Parentage of Pinotage
447
Cabernet SauvignonShiraz
Two leading red grapes of South Africa
448
The Western Cape
South Africa's leading geographical unit for viticulture
449
Wine of Origin (WO)
The viticultural appellation system used in South Africa
450
Stellenbosch
HIghly respected wine district located just east of Cape Town
451
Walker Bay
Cool wine district located near Hermanus and Cape Agulhas
452
Franschhoek Valley
Wine district first settled by the French Huguenots
