Winemaking Flashcards
(56 cards)
What factors are monitored to determine the best time to harvest grapes?
Ripeness, sugar levels, acid levels, pH levels, physiological ripeness, weather conditions
These factors are crucial in deciding the optimal harvest time for quality wine production.
What are the advantages of hand harvesting grapes compared to mechanical harvesting?
Better sorting, less broken fruit
Hand harvesting allows for more careful selection and reduces the risk of damaging the grapes.
What is the purpose of adding sulphur dioxide during the destemming and crushing process?
Protect the mash from oxygen spoilage
Sulphur dioxide acts as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
What is clarified juice referred to in winemaking?
Must
Must is the juice extracted from crushed grapes, which is then fermented to make wine.
How does yeast contribute to the fermentation process in winemaking?
Converts grape sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide
This process generates heat and flavour compounds essential for wine character.
What is the typical fermentation duration for white wine?
10-20 days
Fermentation for white wine is done at lower temperatures to preserve volatile flavours.
What is maceration in the context of red wine production?
Extraction of phenolic compounds from grape skins
This process enhances the wine’s color, flavor, and tannin structure.
What is malolactic fermentation (MLF) and its purpose?
Conversion of malic acid into lactic acid, softening and stabilizing the wine
MLF is a common process in red wine production to enhance mouthfeel.
What are the aging requirements for South African pot still brandy?
Must age for a minimum of 3 years in oak casks not exceeding 340 liters
This aging is essential for developing flavor complexity.
What is rebate wine?
Raw, fermented grape juice used as the base for brandy distillation
It is characterized by high acidity and is not intended for consumption as table wine.
What are the two distillation runs in pot still distillation?
Stripping run and spirit run
The stripping run produces low wine, while the spirit run separates desirable fractions for aging.
What is the significance of the ‘angel’s share’ during maturation?
Evaporation that concentrates the remaining liquid
This process affects the flavor and character of the brandy.
What is the role of a master blender in brandy production?
Determines ratios for aroma, flavor, mouthfeel, and aging potential
The master blender ensures stylistic consistency in the final product.
What is the legal aging requirement for South African brandy?
At least 3 years in oak casks
This aging process is crucial for developing the brandy’s flavor profile.
What are the primary grape varieties used for South African rebate wine?
- Chenin Blanc
- Colombar
These varieties are chosen for their high natural acidity and neutral flavor profiles.
What are the characteristics of Cape Ruby fortified wine?
Young, vibrant, fruity style; aged briefly in large oak vats or tanks
Cape Ruby is designed for early consumption and has a smooth finish.
What is Vin de Constance known for?
Rich, layered sweet wine; historically favored by notable figures
It is produced from Muscat de Frontignan and is among the most prestigious dessert wines.
What defines Noble Late Harvest (NLH) wines?
Made from grapes affected by noble rot, resulting in concentrated sugar and acid
NLH wines showcase deep complexity and aging potential.
What is the method used to concentrate sugars in Straw Wine?
Grapes are harvested and dried on straw mats
This technique results in a luscious texture and intensified flavors.
What is the primary purpose of fortifying wines?
Halt fermentation, increase alcohol content, stabilize wine for aging or transport
Fortification enhances the wine’s longevity and flavor profile.
What are the common flavors associated with Muscat-based wines?
- Orange blossom
- Rose petals
- Lychee
- Raisins
Muscat wines are known for their intensely aromatic profiles.
What is the significance of the first distillation in pot still distillation?
Produces a low wine of around 25–30% ABV
This run separates alcohol from water and solids.
What are the differences between Cape Tawny and Cape Ruby?
Cape Tawny is aged extensively in oak barrels, develops nutty flavors; Cape Ruby is young and fruity
Cape Tawny undergoes oxidative aging, while Cape Ruby is meant for early consumption.
What is Vin de Constance?
Produced by Klein Constantia, historically renowned, made from Muscat de Frontignan, and among the most prestigious dessert wines in the world.
Favored by Napoleon and featured in Jane Austen’s characters.
