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Cluster Winter Quarter Midterm > Winter Quarter Midterm > Flashcards

Winter Quarter Midterm Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

genetic determinism

A

the idea that human qualities are genetically determined by genetic code alone

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2
Q

phenotype

A

physical characteristics

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3
Q

genotype

A

genetic code

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4
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur with a DNA change

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5
Q

the promoter region

A

portion of DNA upstream from a gene, where transcription factors bind to enable RNA polymerase to start a transcription

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6
Q

epigenetic marks/tags

A

changes on how our cells interpret the information in our DNA

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7
Q

PBB (polybrominated Biphenyls)

A

a type of POP that is a flame suppressant

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8
Q

POP (persistant Organic Pollutant)

A

toxin resulting from a manufacturing process which remains in the environment for years

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9
Q

endocrine disruptore

A

chemicals that interfere with the normal functioning of hormones in the body

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10
Q

epidemiology

A

study of health patterns an their causes

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11
Q

DOHD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease)

A

early life conditions shape development with health outcomes observed later in life

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12
Q

PTSD

A

complex interplay between genes and environment

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13
Q

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

A

a body system involved in stress responses

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14
Q

Forms of Transmission across Generations

A

utero, parental care, and chemical changes in the germline

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15
Q

Utero form of transmission

A

direct effect of trauma on maternal sress hormone (direct exposure)

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16
Q

parent care transmission

A

trauma affects parents’ care which influences the health and behavior of offspring in the absence of exposure

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17
Q

chemical changes in the germline transmission

A

trauma and other environmental exposure might permananetly alter the cell line production of gametes (eggs and sperm) for many generations through epigenetic marks (inheritance)

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18
Q

germline

A

line of cells that produce eggs and sperm

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19
Q

Histone modification (DNA Acetylation)

A

activates and enhances transcription

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20
Q

green revolution

A

agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds and fertilizers and practices

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21
Q

racial logic

A

creation and maintenance of racial order

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22
Q

malthusian

A

overpopulation is the root cause of poverty, illness, and warfare

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23
Q

molecularization/molecularized marketing

A

focusing on eating for key components or outcomes, food is seen only as something that shapes our bodies (yogurt commercials)

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24
Q

settler colonialism

A

immigrants seize land from indigenous population and become dominant population

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25
biopiracy
theft of biological materials
26
bio-prospecting
discovery and patent of biological matter (generally in agriculture and seeds)
27
bio-colonialism
taking biological knowledge or resources for profit and without consent, especially from indigenous and marginalized communities
28
terra nullius
land that belongs to no one
29
Nutritional epigenetics
food type and availability during critical periods affect pattern of gene expression
30
agouti mouse model
model of genetically identical mice with an epigenetic mutation
31
qualified health claims
health claims in which there is no establishing evidence, nor endorsed by the FDA
32
neoliberalism in food
encourages consumers to take care of their own health, which drives health food markets
33
milieu
environment;setting
34
individual refusal
one eats the "right things" and one's health is a product of the consumer's choices
35
food as a miasma
food is metabolic information, it is communication to the body and a point of potential exposure to/through food systems and decisions
36
capital interests
economic right attached to a partnership giving a partner the right to receive cash or property in the event the partnership liquidates
37
microbiome
the study of naturally occurring organisms in a particular habitat
38
commensal microbiome
the diverse community of microbes (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and worms) that coexist with barrier tissues without causing damage
39
micorbe
organism invisible to the naked eye, especially one that causes disease
40
fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)
medical procedure that transplants small samples of poop from a healthy colon to a diseased colon and helps the diseased colon due to healthy microbiota
41
holobiont
the human host and all of its resident microbiota
42
disease of civilization
proximate sickness resulting from ultimate factors linked from "development"
43
hygiene hypothesis (jeff leach)
idea that modern industrialized world disconnects us from the natural world and the important microbes we need
44
optimal nutrition
ideas promoted by the neoliberal health model that food can be designed and marketed for the best possible help impact/ up to consumers to be responsible for the food they eat and the health that results of that food
45
ecological stewardship
caring for the microbiome personally and collectively
46
future flora
harvesting kit designed for women to treat and prevent vaginal infections
47
liberatory technology
technology that allows citizens to express opinions, mobilize protests, and expand the horizons of freedom
48
feminist technology
development of technologies contributing to women's empowerment
49
autointoxication
that idea that human waste and constipation was dangerous and harmful to human guts and represented the product of immortality and industrial dietary habits
50
sacrifice zones
areas that are targeted as sites of pollution and industrial development
51
burden of proof
the obligation to present evidence to support one's claim (generally falls on individuals and communities rather than industries)
52
bioaccumulation
the accumulation of a substance such as a chemical, in various tissues of the organism
53
threshold theory
societies limit chemical pollution quantities to a specific amount, or dilute the precise amount of unsafe exposures to a particular chemical or product to best protect consumers from harm
54
slow violence
violence wrought by climate change, toxic drift, deforestation etc, which takes place gradually and invisibly
55
precautionary principle
based on the belief that actions should be taken against plausible environmental hazard
56
social determinants of health
conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age shaped by the distribution of money, power, national, and local levels
57
linear economy
take, make, dispose
58
recycling economy
take, make, use, recycle, waste
59
circular economy
economy where outputs become future inputs
60
environmental justice
the right to clean and health environments, including where we live, work, and place regardless of class, gender, age, etc
61
ableism
discrimination of able-bodied people
62
queer theory
social theory about gender and sexual identity, emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects ideas of innate identities or restrictive categories
63
sexing
model that emphasizes a dynamic process in which organisms have more or less open potentials of sex-related characteristics and behavior
64
body policing
any behavior in which (directly and indirectly) attempts to control or correct a person's actions regarding their own physical body, frequently with regards to gender expression or size
65
euchromatin
important genes which need to be expressed in this region of this chromosome, transcription must occur here
66
heterochromatin
densely packed chromatin but has repeats in this region (not important for gene expression)
67
epigenetic biosensors
animals whose bodies show at a macroscopic scale event happening as the molecular level like the agouti mouse
68
gut/vaginal microbiome
bacteria and microorganisms living in a particular area of the body
69
feminist consumerism
using social movement language for consumer rather than rights/policy/justice goals
70
idealized metabolic past vs the industrialized gut
historical gut has rich diversity based on past lives but now due to modernization (and antibiotics) we have non-diverse guts that lead us to chronic diseases
71
diseases of civilization
disease that is prevalent to the trappings of modern life (ex) used to be autointoxication now its obesity and allergies
72
toxic substance control act
provides epa with authority to require reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements and restrictions related to chemical substances
73
EDCS
endocrine disrupting chemicals

Cluster Winter Quarter Midterm (1 decks)

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