Within Subjects Designs Quiz

Question 1

How many participants would be needed for a within-subjects experiment comparing four different treatment conditions with a total of 20 scores in each treatment?
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20

​40
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80
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Anywhere from 20 to 80

Answer 1

20

Question 2

In a within-subjects research study, factors that change over time, such as history and maturation, can be threats to _______________.
​Internal validity only
​External validity only
​Both internal and external validity
​Neither internal nor external validity

Answer 2

​Internal validity only

Question 3

In a within-subjects study that extends over a relatively long time, it is possible that there will be systematic changes in the participants’ skills or knowledge during the time of the study. When these changes influence the participants’ scores, causing scores at the end of the study to be different from scores at the beginning, the effect is called _______________.
​History effects
​Instrumentation
​Maturation
​Regression toward the mean

Answer 3

Maturation

Question 4

In a within-subjects design, the term “participant attrition,” refers to the possibility that _______________.
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The scores may differ from one treatment to another because of outside events

The scores may differ from one treatment to another because of changes in the measuring instrument

The scores may differ from one treatment to another because the participants gain experience in each treatment

Some of the individuals in the study may leave without completing all of the treatment conditions

Answer 4

Some of the individuals in the study may leave without completing all of the treatment conditions

Question 5

In a study with a group of individuals being tested in a series of treatment conditions that extends over a relatively long time, it is possible that there will be systematic changes in the participants’ physiology or psychology that occur during the time of study. When these changes influence the participants’ scores, causing scores at the end of the study to be different from scores at the beginning, the effect is called _______________.
​History
​Instrumentation
​Maturation
​Regression toward the mean

Answer 5

​Maturation

Question 6

When a group of individuals is tested in a series of treatment conditions over time, which factor can cause progressive improvement in performance from treatment to treatment and thus provide an alternative explanation for the results?
​History
​Selection bias
​Practice
​Fatigue

Answer 6

​Practice

Question 7

A researcher would like to conduct an experiment, but is concerned about strong order effects. One solution is to use a ______________.
​Within-subjects design
​Between-subjects design
​Correlational design
​Descriptive strategy

Answer 7

​Between-subjects design

Question 8

What is the effect of counterbalancing?
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It eliminates order effects.

​It spreads order effects evenly across the treatment conditions.
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It eliminates individual differences.
​
It spreads individual differences evenly across treatment conditions.

Answer 8

​It spreads order effects evenly across the treatment conditions.
​

Question 9

For an experiment that compares two treatment conditions with ten scores in each treatment, which design would require the smallest number of participants?
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Between participants
​
Within participants
​
Matched subjects
​
All designs would require the same number of participants

Answer 9

Within participants

Question 10

A matched-subjects design attempts to eliminate the problems associated with _____________ that are a concern for between-subjects designs and also eliminate the problems associated with ____________ that are a concern for within-subjects designs.
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Order effects; order effects
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Order effects; individual differences
​
Individual differences; individual differences
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Individual differences; order effects

Answer 10

Individual differences; order effects