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Aa. Evidence > Witnesses > Flashcards

Witnesses Flashcards

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1
Q

List (2)

Requirements for a witness to testify

A
  1. Has personal knowledge of the matter
  2. Oath or affirmation that they will testify truthfully
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2
Q

Can a child testify?

A

Depends on their capacity and intelligence as determined by trial judge but general yes

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3
Q

Can an insane person testify

A

Yes, as long as they understand they must testify truthfully and have capacity

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4
Q

Can a presiding judge testify at the current trial?

A

NO!

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5
Q

Can a presiding jury member testify?

A

NO!

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6
Q

List (4)

If there is an inquiry into a the validity of a verdict, what can a juror testify to?

A
  1. If extraneous prejudical info was improperly brought to jury’s attn
  2. If outside influence had bearing on any juror
  3. If there was a mistake on the verdict form
  4. If a juror makes a clear statement that they based their decisions on racial stereotypes or animosity to convict the criminal defendant and was a significiant motivating factor into juror’s decision
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7
Q

What is a Dead’s Man Rule?

A

In a civil case, an interested person cannot testify against a dead person about communications with that dead person

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8
Q

What’s the reason for DMR

A

Intent is to protect representatives or successors when testimony is being offered against the representatives or successors of the dead person’s interests

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9
Q

What type of cases are Dead Man Rules allowed in?

A

Civil case, meaning that they do not fall under the FRE!!

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10
Q

What makes a person interested?

A

If the stand to gain or lose by the judgement or if judgement can be used for or against them in a future case

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11
Q

When to apply a Dead Man’s Rule?

A

ONLY when the facts explicitly state that the jx has a DMR statute

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12
Q

Is there a Dead Man Rule in the Federal Rules?

A

NO!!!!!!!!!

ONLY use on state level IF the prompt says that the particular jx uses DMR!!

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13
Q

Are leading questions allowed?

A

generally YES on CROSS-EXAMINATION

on direct examination ONLY in certain circumstances

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14
Q

List (5), HAARE

When are leading questions on direct examination allowed?

A
  1. When witness is hostile
  2. When witness is an adverse party
  3. When witness is affiliated with an adverse party
  4. When witness needs help remembering
  5. To elicit preliminary or introductory info
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15
Q

What is cross-examination of a witness limited to?

A
  1. The questions are within the scope of direct examination + show that reasonable inferences can be drawn from making these cross-examination questions
  2. Matters that test the credibility of the witness
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16
Q

memorize list generally

What type of questions are NOT allowed?

A
  1. misleading
  2. compound - require one answer to multiple Qs
  3. argumentative
  4. conclusory
  5. cumulative
  6. unduly harassing
  7. embarrassing
  8. call for narrative answer
  9. call for speculation
  10. assume facts in evidence are improper
  11. assume facts in evidence are not permitted
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17
Q

What types of answers can be stricken (removed from record)?

A

Answers that:

  1. lack foundation
  2. non-responsive
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18
Q

When can a document be used by a witness to aid testimony?

A

to refresh their recollection

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19
Q

When can a document NOT be used by a witness to aid testimony?

A

To read from

Witness has to testify based on their current recollection

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20
Q

List (3)

If a witness uses a writing to refresh their present recollection while on the stand, what safe guards does the adverse party have?

A
  1. Have the writing produced at trial
  2. Cross-examine the witness about the writing
  3. Introduce portions or all of writing as long as related to witness’s testimony into evidence
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21
Q

If a witness uses a present writing to refresh their present recollection BEFORE taking the stand , what safeguards does adverse party have?

A

ONLY IF justice so requires:

  1. Have the writing produced at trial
  2. Cross-examine the witness about the writing
  3. Introduce portions of writing relating to witness’s testimony into evidence
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22
Q

2

What happens if the prosecution fails to produce or deliver a writing in criminal cases?

A
  1. Judge must strike witness’s testimony
  2. Declare mistrial if justice so requires
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23
Q

What happens if the defense fails to produce or deliver a writing in ​criminal cases?

Study These Flashcards
A

Judge has more discretion can issue “any appropriate order”

24
Q

*hearsay exception*

What if the witness is still unable to recall the event even after using the record to refresh their memory?

Study These Flashcards
A

Record can be read into evidence

IF

a proper foundation is laid

25
# list (5), "and" How is a proper foundation laid?
1. **Insufficient recollection -** *witness has **insufficient recollection** to testify fully + accurately* 2. **Personal knowledge -** *witness **HAD** **personal knowledge** of the facts in the record when record was made* 3. **Record -** *record was **made** by the witness**,** under **direction** of witness, or **adopted** by witness* 4. **Fresh -** *record was made when matter was **fresh** in the witness's mind **_AND_*** 5. **Accuracy -** *witness **vouches** that record is **accurate** even thought they do not currently remember the facts*
26
# List (2), \*hearsay exception\* Can a **recorded** **recollection** be read into evidence?
**ONLY IF:** 1. Witness reads record and cannot recall 2. Proper foundation is laid
27
# \*hearsay exception\* Can a recorded recollection be **admitted** into evidence as an exhibit?
**NO!** unless offered by adverse party
28
# \*hearsay exception\* How can a recorded recollection be admitted into evidence as an exhibit?
**ONLY IF:** offered by the **adverse party**
29
What is the rationale for allowing **only** the **adverse** **party** to admit a recorded recollection into evidence?
Don't want jury giving undue weight -- they should place more importance on the witness testimony
30
What safe guards does the adverse party have for recorded recollections?
1. Have the writing **produced** at trial 2. **Cross**-**examine** the witness about the writing 3. Intro **portions** of writing relating to witness's testimony into evidence
31
Is opinion testimony allowed?
Generally inadmissible **unless** no better testimony available
32
When ***is*** opinion testimony allowed?
When no better evidence can be obtained
33
# List (4) When is opinion testimony of a **lay witness** admissible?
Opinion is: 1. Rationally based on witness's **perception** 2. **Helpful** to make it **easy** to understand witness's testimony 3. **Helpful** to **determine** a fact in issue 4. **NOT** based on specialized knowledge (scientific, technical etc)
34
What types of opinion are admissible by a **lay witness**
Opinions about: 1. General apperance or condition of a person 2. State of emotion 3. Sense recognition 4. Voice or handwriting identification **- *foundation required*** 5. Speed of moving object 6. Value of their **own** services 7. Rational or Irrational Nature of another person 8. Intoxication - ***foundation _may be_ required***
35
# list (2) When are opinions of a lay witness **NOT** admissible?
1. If they acted as an **agent** 2. If a **contract** was made
36
Why are certain opinions of lay witnesses **NOT** permissible
b/c these opinions are **LEGAL CONCLUSIONS** which require **SPECIALIZED** knowledge … and this happens when the W was acting as an **agent** or if there was a **contract**
37
# List (4) What are the requirements to admit an **expert witnesses** testimony?
1. The **specialized** knowledge would help trier of fact 2. Opinion must be based on **sufficient facts** or **data** 3. Opinion must be product of **reliable principles** and **methods** 4. Expert must have reliabily **applied** principles and methods to **facts of case**
38
What makes someone an expert
They have special knowledge, skills, experience, training **or** education
39
What are 3 sources of information that will make the expert's opinion supported by proper facutal basis?
1. Facts are based on expert's own **personal observation** 2. Facts are made known to expert at **trial** 3. Facts provided outside of court have to be facts **reasonably relied upon** by ***other*** experts in the field (i.e. electronic med record)
40
Do facts that an expert witness **does not** personally know but learns **outside** the courtroom and are facts that are **reasonably** relied upon by other experts need to be: 1. admissible? 2. if inadmissible?
**Admissible**: NO **Inadmissible** proponent of expert testimony cannot disclose facts to jury **unless** **probative \> prejudical** (reverse Rule 403)
41
Does the expert witness need to disclose where the basis of their opinon comes from on **direct** examination?
**NO**
42
Does the expert witness need to disclose where the basis of their opinon comes from on cross examination?
**MAY** ​be required
43
What level of probability is required by the expert when giving their opinion?
Reasonably probability
44
Can an expert witness guess or speculate during testimony regarding their opinion ? what do they need to have?
**NO!** need to have reasonable probability
45
# Hint: TRAPP What are the four factors that the court uses to determine the **reliability** of an expert's **principles** and **methodologies**?
**T: t**esting of principle of methodology **R: r**ate of error **A: a**cceptance by experts in same field **P: p**eer review and **p**ublication
46
# \*hearsay exception\*, list (3) Under what conditions can a **learned treatise** be used during expert testimony?
1. Treatise is established by a **reliable authority** 2. Treatise must be used in the **context** of the **expert testimony** 3. Treatise **read** into evidence but not **received** as an **_exhibit_**
47
# \*hearsay exception\* Information in treatises can be **read into evidence** if the treatise is
1. **relied** upon by expert 2. **called** to his attention during cross-examination; **and** 3. Established as **reliable** by the witness, another expert, or judicial notice. ***NOTE:*** The treatise itself is not admitted into evidence, but rather the relevant section is read in.
48
# List (3) Who/what is considered a reliable authority to establish a treatise for use during an expert witness's testimony?
1. Testimony of expert on stand 2. Testimony of ***another*** expert 3. Judicial notice
49
An expert is allowed to render an opinion as to an _________ issue in the case?
**Utlimate** issue (i.e. X was drunk, X was insane, that is X's signature)
50
When the D's **mental** state is an **element** of the crime or defense committed, can an expert witness offer an opinion on whether D had or did not have themental state in issue?
**NO**
51
When is an expert **NOT** allowed to offer opinion on whether D had or did not have the mental state in issue?
When D's mental state is an **element** of the crime or defense
52
Can the court appoint its own experts?
**YES**
53
What is the rationale behind allowing a **party's** **request** to remove a certain witness from the court room?
So they dont hear the testimony of other witnesses and become influenced
54
# List (4) Who can the judge **NOT** exclude from courtroom?
1. A **party** who is a natural person (i.e. P or D) 2. An **officer** or **employee** of a party that is not a natural person (i.e. a business or the state) who has been **designated** as the **representative** of that party (i.e. the manager of the business) 1. *Jane Doe vs. Facebook, and Mark Zuck is officer of FB designated as FB's representative to appear in ct.* 3. Person who's presence is **essential** to the case 1. an expert witness needs to hear testimony of lay witness 4. Person **statutorily authorized** to be present (i.e. parent of a minor child who is testifying)
55
present recollection refreshed vs recorded recollection
p 45

Aa. Evidence (10 decks)

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