wk 1 - basic biomechanics of the gait

Question 1

whats the rationale for clinical gait analysis 4

Answer 1

1. diagnosis of disease
2. assessment of the severity, extent or nature of a disease or injury.
3. Monitoring progress in the presence or absence of intervention.
4. Prediction of the outcome of intervention (or the absence of intervention)

Question 2

define gait analysis

Answer 2

systematic study of human motion, using the eye and the brain of observers, augumented by the instrumentation for measuring body movements, forces and muscle activity

Question 3

periods of the gait cycle and what phase they are under after initial contact

Answer 3

stance phase:
- loading response
* Mid-stance
* Terminal stance
* Pre-swing

swing phase:
- Initial swing
* Mid-swing
* Terminal swing

Question 4

what is double support or double stance?

Answer 4

phases when both limbs are in contact with the ground. when theyre not both in contact its a single stance (majority of time in movement)

Question 5

key events (actions) in the gait cycle (7)

Answer 5

1. inital contact
2. opposite toe off
3. heel rise
4. opposite initial contact
5. toe off
6. feet adjacent
7. tibia vertical

Question 6

what divides the gait cycle into 2 phases and what are the phases?- what percentage makes up these phases?

Answer 6

toe off divides
into stance (60%)
and swing (40%)

Question 7

what is the gait cycle, define.

Answer 7

time interval between the
initial contact on the ground until the same foot contacts again.

not necessarily heel, not everyone strikes with their heel.

Question 8

types of gait analysis instruments, and what theyre good at measuring 4

Answer 8

1. temporal-spatial parameters (speed, angle, length, time in double/single support, etc) used through GaitRite or Zebris systems!
2. Kinematics (2D OR 3D) - good for alignment issues or weight of movement. dartfish system!
3. force or pressure under the foot- distribution or contact - EMED, PEDAR, accusway systems.
4. muscle activity- EMG

Question 9

clinicical applications of gait analysis (6)

Answer 9

• Sports and biomechanics
• Assessing pathology / etiology
• Evaluating treatment outcomes
• Clinical research in diseases and conditions
  affecting gait
• Paediatric developmental disorders
• Biometric identification and forensics

Question 10

what do you need to think about with population ?

Answer 10

• mobility status and falls risk
• child? not good on tredmills
• extremes in age
• cognitive capacity, ability to listen to instructions
• high risk
• running or walking analysis