Wk 1 (recap) Flashcards

Question

Thecal cells

Answer 1

Surround and support the follcile Thecal cells and granulosa cells work together to produce oestrogen

Answer 2

Responds to FSH to produce oestrogen, inhibin and follicular fluid Thecal cells and granulosa cells work together to produce oestrogen

Answer 3

Promotes oocyte maturation and ovulation

Answer 4

Fertilised egg

Answer 5

Fertilised egg that has started dividing

Answer 6

1. Sertoli cells 2. Seminiferous tubules 3. Rete tubules 4. Efferent ducts 5. Epididymis 6. Ductus deferens 7. Pelvic urethra 8. Penile urethra

Answer 7

1. Primordial follicle 2. Primary secondary follicle 3. Antral follicle 4. Ovulation 5. Oviduct 6. Fertilisation 7. Uterus

Answer 8

Blastocyst stage | It will then hatch out of the ZP and attachment will occur

Answer 9

``` Fetus signals readiness Placental secretions change from P4 to E2 PGF2alpha secretion increases Oxytocin levels increase Labour induced Fetus expelled ```

Answer 10

Animal grows or maintains itself but is not reproductively active

Answer 11

Animal engages in activity designed to replicate itself

Answer 12

``` Small body size Short lifespan Short gestation Large litter Rapid rate of development Short birth interval Variable population size (e.g. Drought small population– rain comes – population booms) ```

Answer 13

``` Large body size Long lifespan Long gestation Single offspring Slow rate of development Long birth interval Stable population size ```

Answer 14

Pigs don't fit either R or K species (characteristics of both)

Answer 15

Reproductive habits incorporated into vegetative lifestyle phase E.g. Self fertilising bisexuals

Answer 16

Complete separation of vegetative and reproductive phases Some individals reproduce and others dont - e.g. bees Terminal breeding - individuals breed then die e.g. salmon

Answer 17

Switches between vegetative and reproductive lifestyle phases Most animals and mostly seasonal

Answer 18

5-15 seconds

Answer 19

10 seconds

Answer 20

15-20min Tend to live in woodlands/forest so can afford to copulate for longer period of time

Answer 21

5-15 mins (genital lock)

Answer 22

Paired stable mating | e.g. geese

Answer 23

Indiscriminate mating within a group | E.g. Chimpanzees

Answer 24

Individual has more than than one mate

Answer 25

Female has many males | E.g. bees

Answer 26

Male has many females - e.g. deer and seals

Answer 27

No testis determining factor (TDF) So ovaries develop No AMH Paramesonephric ducts become the oviducts, uterus, cervix and part of the vagina

Answer 28

Testis determining factor (TDF) present Testis develop Sertoli cells secrete anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) AMH causes degeneration of paramesonephric duct and causes Leydig cells to differentiate This causes testosterone to be produced and development of male duct system

Answer 29

Infertile female with a male twin Typical in cow twins Female twin is exposed to anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in blood supply of male twin, preventing or altering development of female tract

Answer 30

Pituitary contains Gn’s but they are not secreted in large quantities Peaks of Gn’s gradually increase closer to puberty Follicles develop and secrete low levels of E2 but ovulation does not occur Low level spermatogenesis may occur

Answer 31

Physiological maturation: Easing of negative feedback Development of positive feedback in the female Physical maturation: Growth spurt (influence of steroids) Development of sex organs Production of gametes Behavioural maturation: Sexual behaviour and receptivity

Answer 32

Behavioral traits- mounting and ejaculation First ejaculation (voluntary or spontaneous) Spermatozoa present in urine and/or ejaculate Ejaculate contains threshold numbers of spermatozoa Male is capable of coitus and ejaculating sufficient good quality spermatozoa to result in fertilization

Answer 33

Commencement of cycling – first oestrus First ovulation – may be silent Physical maturation to be able to support pregnancy without negative effect on mother Capable of ovulation of an ova which can be fertilized and carried to term (related to body size and involved development of whole tract)

Answer 34

Pineal gland secretes melatonin; melatonin stimulates GnRH secretion Manipulation of melatonin levels can cause precocious puberty and influence of glucose and/or leptin (think threshold of blood glucose or leptin that trigger puberty- means size of animal relates to puberty – growing animal needs energy blood sugar/fat low – mature adult can increase blood sugar/fat levels)

Answer 35

Under-nutrition retards puberty – protective mechanism against pregnancy Severe or prolonged malnutrition leads to a permanent growth check (and potential subfertility) Puberty can be advanced by heavy feeding (except in pigs)

Answer 36

Stimulation of follicular growth can be achieved with exogenous FSH or equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) Ovulation can be initiated with LH or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) – similar effect to LH except in primates Melatonin can be administered to trigger increased production of GnRH, leading to an endocrine cascade that triggers puberty Can only be done close to time of normal puberty when secondary organs (e.g. uterus) are sufficiently matured

Answer 37

Reduction in number of breeding opportunities Polyoestrous animals – more silent heats Monoestrous animals – increased interval between oestrous cycle Decreased conception rates Decreased litter size Increased prenatal losses, dystocia, mismothering and reduced lactation Increased in chromosomal disorders e.g. Downs Syndrome Increased spontaneous abortion Increased aborted fetuses with chromosomal disorders

Answer 38

Males generally fertile until death - continue to produce spermatozoa but fertility does decline BUT May become physically incapacitated and unable to mount There is a gradual decline in sexual interest from peri-pubertal stage

Wk 1 (recap) Flashcards

(62 cards)