Wk 1 - The Reproductive System + Related Anatomy Flashcards
(27 cards)
List the anatomical structures of the pelvis:
- sacrum
- coccyx
- ilium
- ischium
- pubic bone
- symphysis pubis
- pelvic brim
List the anatomical joints of the pelvis:
- sacroiliac
- sacro-coccy-geal
How does the hormone relaxin affect the pelvis during pregnancy? *
Cartelidge of the symphysis pubis softens due to the effects of progesterone, therefore pubic bones can shift and rub against one another. *
Name the superficial muscles of the pelvic floor:
- ischiocarernosus
- bublospongiosus
- vagina
- superficial transverse perineal
- external anal sphincter
- anus
- gluteus maximums
Name the deep muscles of the pelvic floor:
- urethra
- external urethral sphincter
- deep transverse perineal
- pubococcygeus (lavator ani)
- illiococcygeus (lavator ani)
- sacrotuberous ligament
- coccygeus
Name the three layers of the uterus:
- the perimetrium
- the myometrium
- the endometrium
What loosely fit sheath forms the outer layer of the uterus, allowing for unrestricted growth in pregnancy?
The perimetrium.
What does the myometrium form, and what is it composed of?
Forms the middle layer of the uterus. Composed of smooth muscle.
The mucous lining of the uterus, where a fertilised ovum will implant and grow is called the…?
Endometrium
Which layer of the uterus is comprised of three smooth muscle layers?
The myometrium.
Which layer of the myometrium contains circular fibres that run in a longitudinal plane? What is the main function?
The inner layer. This acts to dilate the cervix during labour.
What is the structure and function of middle layer of the myometrium?
Function - involved in the downward propulsion of foetus.
Structure - interlaced spiral fibres forming figure eight networks.
Which layer of the myometrium contains “living ligatures” and what are they important for?
The middle layer. Important for minimising blood loss through fibres which obliquely wrap around blood vessels in a tight network which also constrict to expel the baby.
Which layer of the myometrium is a combination of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle fibres?
The outer layer.
Explain the follicular development in relation to the ovarian cycle? Note the days, and the phase of the uterine phase in relation to this.
- Primary follicle (during days 1-5/ menstrual phase)
- Secondary follicle (on day 5-10 / proliferative phase)
- Vesicular follicle (on day 10-14 / proliferative phase)
- Ovulation (day 14 / secretory phase)
- Corpus luteum (days 5-20 / secretory phase)
- Degenerating corpus luteum ( days 20-28 / secretory phase)
Describe the menstrual, proliferative and secretory phases of the uterine cycle? And on what days do these occur?
- Menstrual phase - the functional layer of the endometrium is shed. (Days 1-5)
- The proliferative phase - the functional layer of the endometrium is rebuilt. (Days 5-15)
- The secretory phase - begins immediately after ovulation, enrichment of blood supply, glandular secretions prepare endometrium to receive embryo. (Days 15-28)
What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?
- Menstrual
- Proliferative
- Secretory
What is the hormonal influence of oestrogen on the uterus in pregnancy?
Promotes the growth of myometrial muscle.
What is the hormonal influence of progesterone on the uterus in pregnancy?
Sustains pregnancy by inhibiting muscular action of the uterus.
What are the five hormones of the female reproductive system?
- Oestrogen
- Progesterone
- Gondatropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinising Hormone (LH)
What are the structures of the female genitalia?
- mons pubis
- labia majora
- clitoris
- urethral opening
- labia minor
- vagina
- bartholin glands
- fourchette
- vestibular fossa
- perineum
- anus
The lavator ani include?
- the pubococcygeus
- the iliococcygeus
- the ischiococcygeus
The levator ani are vital for?
Control of bladder and bowel functions.
Th four basic types of pelvis are:
- Android
- Gynaecoid
- Anthropoid
- Platypelloid
