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Wk 10 Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolyte Balance (32 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two major body fluid compartments?

A
  1. ECF (fluid outside of cell)
  2. ICF (fluid inside of cell)
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2
Q

What are the ionic compositions of ECF?

A
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Sodium Bicarbonate
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3
Q

What are the types of ECF?

A
  • Interstitial fluid (surrounds cells)
  • Plasma (liquid part of blood)
  • Transcellular fluid (specialised fluid)
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4
Q

What are the four different pressures involved in tissue fluid formation?

A
  1. Capillary pressure
  2. Interstitial fluid pressure
  3. Capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure
  4. Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
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5
Q

What is capillary pressure?

A

Pushes water out from capillary and into interstitial space.

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6
Q

What is capillary osmotic pressure?

A

Draw water into capillary.

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7
Q

What is interstitial hydrostatic pressure?

A

Pushing force against capillary walls.

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8
Q

What is tissue colloid osmotic pressure?

A

Draw water into tissues.

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9
Q

What is lymph drainage?

A

Excess fluids in interstitial space is picked up by lymphatic vessels, returned back to circulatory system.

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10
Q

How are ICF and ECF compartments measured?

A
  • Injecting a compound into the compartment
  • Determining volume of distribution of compounds
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11
Q

What are the substances that can be injected?

A
  • Should not affect fluid volume distribution
  • Non toxic
  • Non degradable
  • Conc. should be easily measured
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12
Q

What is total body water?

A

Total amount of water contained within a persons body.
*60% of body weight in males
*50-55% in females

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13
Q

How is ICF measured?

A

Calculated after determination of total body fluid and ECF.

ICF = Total body water - ECF volume

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14
Q

What are the different routes of body water output?

A
  • Evaporation (respiratory tract, skin)
  • Sweat
  • Faeces (increased in diarrhea)
  • Kidneys
  • Urine
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15
Q

What is insensible loss?

A

Loss that is not noticeable, increased is protective layer of skin is effected (burns, large abrasions).

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16
Q

What is the primary regulator of fluid/electrolyte balance?

17
Q

What is the importance of body fluids?

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A
  • Electrolyte balance and osmoregulation
  • Transportation
  • Metabolic reactions
  • pH balance
  • Temperature regulation
18
Q

What are two functions of sodium?

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A
  1. Maintain fluid balance
  2. Regulate blood pressure & volume
    *Found in ECF
19
Q

What are two functions of potassium?

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A
  1. Regulating heart & muscle contractions
  2. Maintain fluid balance
    * Found in ICF
20
Q

What is the normal osmolarity of blood plasma?

21
Q

What is the effect of a cell in an isotonic solution?

Study These Flashcards
A

No change in volume
(equal conc. inside & out)

22
Q

What is the effect of a cell in an hypotonic solution?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cell swells
(low solute conc.)

23
Q

What is the effect of a cell in an hypertonic solution?

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A

Cell shrinks
(high solute conc.)

24
Q

What is an Edema?

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A

Accumulation of fluid within interstitial spaces.

25
What is the cause of Edema?
- Increased hydrostatic pressure (fluid --> interstitial spaces) - Lowered plasma osmotic pressure (fluid --> capillary) - Increased capillary membrane permeability - Lymphatic channel obstruction (draining blocked fluid from interstitial) - Increased tissue osmotic pressure (water --> interstitial)
26
What are the types of Edema?
Pitting Edema - excess water in interstitial spaces due to reduction in plasma proteins. Non-Pitting Edema - mucopolysaccharides (gel-like) which hold water.
27
What are example of Non-Pitting Edemas?
- Lymphedema - Myxedema
28
What is the thirst center?
Primarily a regulator of water intake, located in hypothalamus. *Has osmoreceptors (neurons) that respond to changes.
29
What are the stimuli for the thirst center?
- Hypertonicity (cellular dehydration) - Hypovolemia (low volume) - Hypotension (high pressure) - Angiotensin II (from release of renin in kidney)
30
What are two hormones that influence the thirst center?
1. Angiotensin II (stimulates thirst when blood volume decreases) 2. ADH (stimulates water conservation)
31
Why does diabetes insipidus cause hypoosmotic dehydration?
Hyperosmotic dehydration - body excretes too much water without excreting electrolytes, increasing ECF sodium conc. Diabetes insipidus = lack of ADH (controls water intake), increases dehydration.
32
What is the system that regulates plasma sodium and potassium?
- Renal system - Endocrine system

ENDO (10 decks)

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