Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PODMED3 > wk 10- leg and calf pain > Flashcards

wk 10- leg and calf pain Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

bone pathology of the leg

A

stress fracture (anterior tib or medial tib, fibula)

medial tibial stress syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

soft tissue pathology of leg

A

muscle strains (gastroc, soleus)

muscle contusions

DOMS

compartment syndrome

bakers cyst

pes anserine bursitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

joint pathology of leg

A

proximal tibiofibular sublax

OA/ inflammatory arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

neural pathology of leg

A

referred pain

nerve entrapment (tibial/sural)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vascular pathology of leg

A

vascular entrapment (popliteal)

DVT, thrombis, emoblism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

leg pain can involve ?

A

one or more of five pathological processes often with multiple occuring at the same time

  1. bone stress
  2. vascular insufficiency
  3. inflammation
  4. nerve entrapments
    5.elevated intracompartmental pressures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pain absent at rest that presents with exertion

A

compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

posterior pain absent at rest but presents on exertion

A

popliteal artery entrapement syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

improves with pre participation stretching

A

medial tibial stress syndrome and muscle strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

doest improve with pre participation stretching

A

stress fractures and compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pain when resistance to muscle tendon units including insertion/origin

A

MTSS
muscle strains
tendinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

focal pain over bone

A

stress fracture
muscle herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diffuse swelling in calf

A

DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

palpable swelling on muscle insertion on medial border of tibia

A

MTSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

shooting pain, sensation loss, loss of motor power

A

nerve injury, entrapment or radiculopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

improves with cold therapy and anti inflammatories

A

inflammation pathology
osteoid osteoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

night pain or wakes up a patient

A

tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

difference between stress fracture and MTSS

A

pain:
SF: focal sharp tenderness
MTSS: diffuse on posteriormedial border of tibia

effect:
SF: constant or worse with impact
MTSS: decreases as warm up or stretches. worse in morning or after exercise

imaging:
SF: MRI
MTSS: MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is MTSS

A

micro tears and inflammation of the periosteum

originally thought to be caused by post tib overuse therefore more common in pronated foot types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

risk factors of MTSS

A

excessive pronation
training errors
footwear fatigue or improper footwear
surface
muscle dysfunction
decreased flexibility
female
high BMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

grading MTSS

Study These Flashcards
A

frederickson classification system

grade 1: periosteal oedema
2/3- progressive marrow involvement
4- cortical stress fracture

22
Q

other DDx for MTSS

Study These Flashcards
A

stress fracture
compartment sydrome
popliteal artery entrapment
muscle tear
nerve entrapment

23
Q

management for MTSS

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. PEACE AND LOVE
  2. rest/deload
  3. shock abosorbing innersoles

if not getting better
1. immobilise/CAM walker, below knee
2. taping to control pronation
3. FW change
4. semi rigid orthotic
5. soft tissue therapy of tightness of focal thickening (friction massage)

24
Q

typically how long does it take to resolve MTSS

Study These Flashcards
A

resolution in 1 month, 50% reduction in pain in 1 week

if untreated can develop to stress fracture

25
return to impact activity dependent on grade of MTSS/SF
1- 2-3weeks (periosteal oedema) 2-4a: 6-7 weeks 4b: 9-10 weeks (cortical break)
26
pathophysiology of bone stress injury
repetitive loading of bone causing microdamage without adequate bone remodelling through recovery
27
clinical features of BSI
-increase in load -focal pain around medial posterior tibia -pain aggravated by activity -may cause rest or night pain -more common in rigid cavus foot types, pronated foot types, leg length differences -eating disorder/BMD problems
28
management of BSI
1. immobilise (pneumatic CAM walker) 2 weeks, add another 2 weeks if pain present 2. reintroduce load 3. change surface, footwear, technique (shorter stride, slower speed, reduce distance) 4. custom semi rigid orthotics
29
anterior cortex stress fracture
prone to delayed union/ non union and complete fractures due to poor blood supply and under tension due to bowing of tibia
30
management of anterior cortex stress fracture
1. immobilise (penumatic brace) 2. assess nutrition 3. ultrasonic bone stimulation early on for healing if no progress after 4-6months 1. intramedullary rodding 2. bone grafting 3. drilling prognosis is 12 months return to sport using brace
31
what is chronic exertional compartment syndrome
increased pressure within closed fibro osseous space due to thickened and non compliant fascia which doesnt allow the muscle to expand this causes 1. reduced blood flow 2. reduced tissue perfusion common in endurance athletes
32
most common type of compartment syndrome
anterior then lateral deep posterior
33
clinical features of CECS
no pain at rest ache, tightness building with exercise, usually around 10-15 mins in decreases with rest
34
how to test CECS
pressure testing, imaging is tyically negative because need to stimulate exercise basal ICP of >10mmHg, 1 MINUTE post exertion >30mmHg 5 MIN POST >25mmHg
35
muscles and nerve in anterior compartment
tib ant ext dig longus ext hallucis longus peroneal tert deep peroneal nerve
36
muscles and nerve in lateral compartment
peroneus longus and brevis superficial peroneal nerve
37
lateral compartment syndrome can cause parathesis where
dorsum of foot
38
management of CECS
1. rest 2. deep massage therapy 3. soft tissue therapy (friction, needing, active release) 4. running technique shorter stride 5. botox injection to decrease pain 6. surgery- fasiotomy (incision)/fasciectomy (removal of portion)
39
muscles and nerve in posterior compartment of thigh
tib post flexor hallucis longus glexor digitorum longus tibial nerve
40
surgery outocmes of CECS
80-90% of patients satisfied some had reccurance which was most common with deep posterior compartment (52% satisfied with fasciotomy)
41
gastroc/soleus muscle strain acute injury caused by
extending the knee with ankle dorsiflexion lunge forward sudden eccentric overstretch most common on medial head as its longer
42
grades for gastroc/soleus muscle strains
1- pain on SL calf raise or hop (10-12days) 2- pain and weakness with active plantarflexion, loss of dorsiflexion (16-21days return), mild to mod swelling/bruising 3- thomas test positive, cant contract calf (6months after surgery), presents with considerate swelling and bruising within hours
43
management of muscle strain
1. PEACE and LOVE 2. heel raise in shoes to decrease stretch 3. passive stretching and isometrics (resistance band) 4. gradual loading of isotonics around 10 days when muscle as tensile strength (concentric calf raise, to then eccentric, bilateral to SL) 5.soft tissue therapy 6. agility/plyo/sport specific activity
44
difference between PAES and CECS
PAES disappears immediately CECS may take until the muscle cools down so longer
45
PAES cause
anatomical variation of artery with medial gastroc attachment causes a claudication type calf pain
46
diagnosis of PEAS
doppler pulse during active plantarflexion or dorsflexion post exercise pulse may be weak or absent
47
what can PAES cause
enodthelial damage (atheroscleoris accelerating)
48
management of PAES
1. surgical correction of medial gastroc head insertion 2. popliteal artery release
49
disgnosis test of DVT
hollmans test
50

PODMED3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions