WK 2: Neoplasia

Question 1

3 characteristics of neoplasia

Answer 1

1. unregulated
2. irreversible
3. monoclonal

Question 2

Difference between benign and malignant tumors

Answer 2

bening:
-do not invade the adjacent tissues
-do not metastasize
-more differentiated than malignant
-resemble their tissue of origin

malignant:
-invade other tissues
-metastasize to distant tissues

Question 3

Bening tumors are designated by attaching the suffix ____ to the cell of origin

Answer 3

-Oma
( fribroma, osteoma, chondroma)

Question 4

Bening tumors of squamous epithelium are called

Answer 4

epithelioma

Question 5

bening tumors that produce finger-like or warty projections are called

Answer 5

papilloma

Question 6

bening tumors from glandular epithelium are called

Answer 6

adenoma

Question 7

often, if cancer starts in the lungs, it will then spread to the

Answer 7

adrenal glands

Question 8

benign tumors from germ cells are called ______ and are present in _____ or _______

Answer 8

teratoma, gonads or memediastinum

Question 9

______ is a benign tumor resulting from localized, disordered differentiation of tissues

Answer 9

hamartoma

Question 10

“Carcinoma” is

Answer 10

malignant cancer of epithelial cells

Question 11

“sarcoma” is

Answer 11

malignant of mesenchymal cells

Question 12

what is the histogenesis of hodgkin’s disease

Answer 12

unknown cell origin

Question 13

Two basic components of tumors

Answer 13

1. parenchyma(proliferating cells)
2. stroma (connective tissue)

Question 14

Anasplasia

Answer 14

lack of differentiation

Question 15

T or F
Benign tumors are well differentiated

Answer 15

T

Question 16

T or F
Malignant tumors are NEVER differentiated

Answer 16

False .
Malignant tumors range from well-differentiated to undifferentiated

Question 17

prognosis if keratin is present

Answer 17

good prognosis

Question 18

The well differentiated cancers evolve from…

Answer 18

maturation or specialization of undifferentiated cells as they proliferate

Question 19

the undifferentiated malignant tumors derive from…

Answer 19

proliferation without maturation of the transformed cell

Question 20

Features of anaplasia:

Answer 20

1. size and shape variety
2. enlarged nuclei
3. Atypical mitoses
4. Tumor giant cells
5. Orientation of anaplastic cells disturbed

Question 21

Dysplasia

Answer 21

loss of the uniformity of the individual cells
-dysplasia does not always lead to cancer

Question 22

is there invasion of the basement membrane in dysplasia?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

Carcinoma insitu

Answer 23

when dysplasia involves all the thickness of an epithelium

Question 24

Do bening tumors grow slowly or quickly?

Answer 24

slowly and during this process they develop a fibrous capsule that separated them from adjacent tissues

Question 25

fibrous capsule is found in malignant or benign tumors?

Answer 25

benign

Question 26

pathways of spread for malignant tumors

Answer 26

1. Direct seeding 2. Lympathic spread 3. hematogenous spread

Question 27

Direct seeding

Answer 27

when a malignant tumor penetrates into a cavity. ex: ovarian carcinoma metastasize in the peritoneal cavity forming pseudomyxoma peritonei

Question 28

Lymphatic spread

Answer 28

the pattern of lymph node involvement follows the natural route of drainage

Question 29

which is the most common pathway of spread for malignant tumors?

Answer 29

lymphatic spread - usually carcinomas

Question 30

where does carcinoma of the lung metastasize first?

Answer 30

to the perihilar tracheobronchial and mediastinal nodes

Question 31

where does carcinoma of the breast metastasize first?

Answer 31

lymph nodes of axilla

Question 32

where is the development of the most common breast cancer?

Answer 32

left breast, upper outer quadrant metastasizing occurs in the regional lymph nodes

Question 33

most common pathway for sarcomas to spread?

Answer 33

hematogenous spread

Question 34

which vessels are more easily penetrated by cancer cells?

Answer 34

veins and venules are easily penetrated by cancer cells because they have thinner walls compared to arteries and arterioles

Question 35

most common site of metastasis ? why?

Answer 35

liver and lungs because all portal drainage flows to the liver and all caval blood flows to the lungs

Question 36

does increased blood supply increase cancer growth?

Answer 36

Yes, increased blood supply= increased cancer growth

Question 37

most common benign tumor

Answer 37

Leiomyomas (smooth muscle fibroid tumors) -grown rapidly during pregnancy by atrophy during menopause

Question 38

the growth rate of tumors correlated with their level of ________

Answer 38

differentiation -most malignant tumors grow more rapidly than do benign lesions

Question 39

the growth rate of tumors is related to?

Answer 39

the growth rate of tumors is related to the fact that more cells are produced than die in a given time. -tumor cells do not necessarily proliferate at a faster rate than their normal counterparts

Question 40

incidence of cancer in men/women

Answer 40

1.prostate/breast 2.lungs 3.colorectal

Question 41

mortality rate of cancer in men/women

Answer 41

1. lungs 2. prostate/breast 3. colorectal

Question 42

#1 most common cancer in children

Answer 42

acute leukemias