wk 2: skeletal system

Question 1

what are the bones of the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

head, neck, and trunk
*does not incl. girdle bones

Question 2

scoliosis

Answer 2

abnormal lateral curve of spine

Question 3

kyphosis

Answer 3

hunchback

Question 4

lordosis

Answer 4

excessive inward curve of lumbar spine

Question 5

which bones make up the shoulder girdle?

Answer 5

• scapula
• clavicle

Question 6

which bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 6

• ilium (“hand on hip)
• ischium (“butt bone”)
• pubis (joins hib bones tg)

Question 7

what are the classifications of bones?

Answer 7

• long
• short
• flat
• irregular
• sesamoid

Question 8

list some examples of long bones.

Answer 8

• femur
• ulna
• humerus

Question 9

list some examples of short bones.

Answer 9

• carpals
• tarsals

Question 10

list some examples of flat bones.

Answer 10

• ribs
• ilium
• cranial

Question 11

list some examples of irregular bones

Answer 11

vertebrae

Question 12

list some examples of sesamoid bones.

Answer 12

patella

Question 13

what are the types of cartilage?

Answer 13

• hyaline
• elastic
• firbrocartilage

Question 14

what is the function of hyaline cartilage? where can they be located?

Question 15

what is the function of elastic cartilage? where can they be located?

Question 16

what is the function of firbocartilage? where can they be located?

Question 17

osteoblast

Answer 17

cell that builds new bone

Question 18

osteoclast

Answer 18

cell that breaks down bone

Question 19

endochondral ossification

Answer 19

• happens in long bones
• uses cartilage to grow longer from growth plate

Question 20

intramembranous ossification

Answer 20

• process of how flat bones are formed

Question 21

fractures

Question 22

osteoarthritis

Answer 22

• inflammation of bones and joints
• causes painful bone spurs because of friction

Question 23

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 23

• autoimmune inflammation of the joint

Question 24

x-ray

Question 25

DEXA

Answer 25

- dual energy x-ray absorptiometry - measures bone density

Question 26

osteoporosis

Answer 26

loss of bone density

Question 27

osteopenia

Answer 27

low bone density

Question 28

osteomyelitis

Answer 28

inflammation of bone muscle (infection)

Question 29

osteosarcoma

Answer 29

bone cancer

Question 30

chondrosarcoma

Answer 30

cartilage cancer

Question 31

gout

Answer 31

uric acid buildup in joints

Question 32

cleft palate

Answer 32

- birth defect - opening or split in the roof of the mouth

Question 33

mastoiditis

Answer 33

- inflammation of the mastoid process - usually caused by a middle ear infection