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Oral Radiology > Wk 3 > Flashcards

Wk 3 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

The film is placed too posterior and does not have a clearance above the occlusal cusps of 2.5mm

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2
Q

What is dropped film corner and what angle technique is it most commonly seen in?

A

Dropped film corner is caused due to teh finger technqiue used by patients to hold the film in place during a bisecting angle technique

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2
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Dropped film corner

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3
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

the film was placed too high causing a space of greater than 2.5mm above the cusps which can effect the capturing of the apical structures

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4
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

It is caused due to patient not biting onto the bite block resulting in a lack of capturing the apices

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5
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Absence of the apical regions of the tooth

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6
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Cone cutting

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7
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph and what can it be caused from

A

It is an overlapping of the buccal and lingual cusps caused when the horizontal angle technique is not done correctly

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8
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph and why can that lead too this image forming?

A

It is caused due to reversed conventional film resulting in the lead foil pointing towards the PID. The lead foil allows absorbing any unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient

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9
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Digital film is placed towards PID

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10
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

This is due to a lowering in the angulation of the PID in bisecting angle technique causing a elongation in the image

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11
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Increased angulation in the PID in bisecting angle technique causing a foreshortening in the image

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12
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Blurring of image caused by patient movement

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13
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Double exposure of the same film

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14
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Cobalt chrome partial denture kept in patient mouth

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15
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Thyroid shield

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16
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Film bending

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17
Q

What is the error in this PA radiograph

A

Phalangioma

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18
Q

What is the error in this bitewing radiograph

A

Too posterior

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19
Q

What is the error in this bitewing radiograph

A

Too anterior

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20
Q

What is the error in this bitewing radiograph

A

Cone cutting

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21
Q

What is the error in this bitewing radiograph

A

Poor horizontal angulation

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22
Q

What is the error in this bitewing radiograph

A

Radiolucency of dentures

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23
Q

What is film density

A

Film density represents the darkness of the radiographic image

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24
If the density of the image is too high what kind of image will we get?
Dark
25
If the density of the image is too low what kind of image will that give us
Bright
26
What are the 4 factors that may influence density of the film
1. Patient size 2. Exposure settings 3. Object density 4. Film fog
27
If a skinny patient is exposed with high KvP, mA, and exposure time how will this impact the density of the image vs a patient who is heavier is exposed with lower radiographic settings?
Skinny patient= high density in image Larger patient= low density in image
28
How does object density effect film density
Higher object density reduces film density and vice versa
29
What is film fog caused from and how can it effect the density of the image
Film fog can be caused from scatter radiation, improper film storage, improper safe lighting, and using old films which can cause a high density in the film
30
What is contrast
Contrast refers to the differences in film densities between various regions of the radiograph
31
What is another name for high contrast images
Short gray scale
32
What are high contrast images in general
High contrast images represent shades off grey, light and dark surfaces Help detect carious lesions
33
What are low contrast images?
Images that have a variation in shades of grey which is beneficial in detecting periodontal diseases
34
What 3 factors may influence the contrast of the image?
Exposure settings Film processing and storage Film fog
35
What is the speed of a film
Speed refers to the amount of radiation required for the film to produce a radiograph with appropriate density
36
What speed film has the greatest speed
F Speed Film
37
What is projection geometry
Is the relationship between the source, X-ray beam, and tooth being radiographed and the position of the film
38
What are 5 important situations that need to be considered to achieve an optimal radiograph?
Small focal spot Target- tooth distance is large Tooth-Film distance is short Tooth and film are parallel X ray beam passes perpendicular to the tooth and film
39
What is sharpness of an image?
Sharpness of an image is the measure of the details presented of an object in a radiograph
40
What are 6 Marion factors that influence sharpness
Small Focal spot Target-tooth distance large Tooth- film distance small Film- small grains and double emulsion can reduce sharpness Patient motion Identifying screens
41
What is magnification
Is the increase in the size of the image
42
Do we get a smaller or larger magnification with the film being positioned close to the tooth
Larger image
43
Do we get a smaller or larger image when the PID is placed further away from the tooth
Smaller
44
What is distortion of an image
Distortion is referred to the change is the shape of an object
45
What 2 factors can lead to distortion of an image
1. If film and tooth are not parallel to each other 2. Poor vertical angulation or horizontal
46
What are the general steps in making radiation exposure to the patient
1. PPE 2. Seating the patient Upright position Place lead apron if required Head rest perpendicular to the floor Mid sagital plane pereipindicular to the floor Occusal surface is to be parallel to the floor(mx. Told forwards md. Tilt back Remove glasses and non fixed appliances Discuss the procedure with patient Check the X-ray unit settings Place films into patient mouth Position PID or head of tube Expose patient with radiation
47
What are the indications for Periapical radiographs
1. Developing periodontal diseases 2. Monitoring periodontal health 3. Endodontics 4. Trauma 5. Developmental anomalies 6. Impacted teeth 7. Implants
48
What are the two techniques used for taking a PA
Bisecting angle technqiue Paralleling technique
49
Briefly describe bisecting angle technique
The bisecting angle technique is a technique in which the mean angle of the tooth and the mean angle of the film are not parallel to each other and the film is positioned close to the tooth to form a large magnification
50
Describe the head positioning of the patient in bisecting angle technique
1. Mid sagital plane must be perpendicular to the floor 2. If taking a maxillary radiograph patient must tilt their head down 3. If taking a mandibular radiograph then patient is required to tilt their head back 4. Placing the head rest perpendicular to the floor is critical
51
What are the two film holders used in bisecting angle technique
Snap a ray Haemostat with rubber bite block
52
What is film #0 used for
In children
53
What is film #1 used for
Anterior PA for adults or bite wings in mixed dentition
54
What is number #2 film used for
Posterior teeth PA and bite wing Occlusal radiographs for children
55
What is number 3 film used for
To capture greater number of teeth in a PA or bitewingPA especially in larger patients
56
What is a number 4 film used for
Occlusal radiographs in adults
57
What are the advantages of using bisecting angle technique
Easy and simple process
58
What are the disadvantages of dissecting angle technique
1. Distortion of image 2. Impossible to form reproducible images 3. Vertical angulation may result in foreshortening or elongation 4. Periodontal bone level may be poorly captured 5. Cone cutting may occur 6. Horizontal and vertical trenhqiues are very difficult to master therefore may increase errors 7. Poor horizontal angle technique may result in overlapping image
58
Briefly explain paralleling technique?
Parallel technique requires the long axis of the film to be parallel with the long axis of the tooth which requires the film/bite block to be placed far away as possible to make sure the film and tooth are parallel
59
What two instruments used for parallel technique
Rinn-XCP Kiki-bite
60
What is another name for parallel technique
Long cone
61
What are the advantages of parallel technique?
62
What are the disadvantages of parallel technique
Positing bite block may be challenging for inexperienced operators anatomy of mouth may make the technique impossible Positioning the holders in lower third molar may be difficult
63
What are the indicators of using bisecting angle technique
Shallow floor of the mouth and palate Tori palatineus Gaging patient
64
What are the advantages of parallel technique

Oral Radiology (5 decks)

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