Wk 3 Digestive Enzymes

Question 1

Amylase

Answer 1

Function: Breaks down carbohydrates (starches and sugars) into smaller molecules like maltose and glucose.

Source: Salivary glands (salivary amylase) and pancreas (pancreatic amylase).

Question 2

Lipase

Answer 2

Function: Breaks down dietary fats (lipids) into fatty acids and glycerol.

Source: Pancreas (pancreatic lipase).

Question 3

Pepsin

Answer 3

Function: Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides in the stomach.

Source: Stomach lining (chief cells) in an inactive form called pepsinogen, which is activated by stomach acid.

Question 4

Trypsin and chymotrypsin

Answer 4

Function: Break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids in the small intestine.

Source: Pancreas (secreted as inactive forms, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen, and activated in the small intestine).

Question 5

Peptidases (aminopeptidase and dipeptidase)

Answer 5

Function: Further break down peptides into individual amino acids.

Source: Small intestine lining.

Question 6

Lactase

Answer 6

Function: Breaks down lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose.

Source: Small intestine lining.

Question 7

Sucrase, maltase, isomaltase

Answer 7

Function: Break down various sugars (sucrose, maltose, isomaltose) into simpler sugars (glucose and fructose).

Source: Small intestine lining.

Question 8

Nuclease

Answer 8

Fxn: breaks down nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) into nucleotides

Source: pancreas

Question 9

Gelatinase

Answer 9

Fxn: breaks down gelatin (PRO derived from collagen) into peptides and aa

Source: stomach and sm intestine

Question 10

Bile salts

Answer 10

Fxn: emulsify fats, aiding in digestion and absorption

Source: produced in liver, stored in gallbladder

Question 11

carboxypeptidase

Answer 11

Fxn: further breaks down peptides by removing aa from the end of the peptide chain

Source: pancreas

Question 12

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Answer 12

Fxn: responds to glucose and fat, inhibits gastric acid secretion, and slows gastric emptying to help regulate nutrient absorption and maintain stable blood glucose levels

Source: small intestine

Question 13

Gastrin

Answer 13

Fxn: stimulates secretion of gastric acid, breaking down food and activating enzymes. Promotes contraction of stomach muscles to increase gastric blood flow.

Source: stomach

Question 15

Motilin

Answer 15

Fxn: released b/w meals, stimulates the migrating motor complex (MMC = contractions that help clear undigested food from stomach and sm intestine to prevent bacterial overgrowth)

Source: sm intestine

Question 16

Secretin

Answer 16

Fxn: response to acidic chyme from stomach. Stimulates pancrease to release bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice that neutralizes acidity, creating optimal pH for digestive enzymes
2. inhibits gastric acid secretion

Source: duodenum

Question 17

Somatostatin

Answer 17

Fxn: inhibitory, regulates secretion of other digestive hormones like gastrin, insulin, glucagon, and GH.
2. Helps maintain homeostasis in digestive and endocrine systems

Source: stomach, pancreas, sm intestine

Question 19

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 19

Fxn: responds to presence of fats and proteins in duodenum.
1. Stimulates gallbladder to release bile into sm intestine, aiding in fat digestion and absorption.
2. Stimulates pancrease to release digestive enzymes

Source: sm intestine

Question 20

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)

Answer 20

Fxn: NT and hormone - relaxes smooth muscles in intestines, increaing blood flow and secretion of water and electrolytes, maintaining proper fxn and fluid balance.

Source: enteric NS in myenteric and submucosal plexuses