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BI231 Wk 4 Ch 8 Bones > Wk 4 Ch 8 > Flashcards

Wk 4 Ch 8 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Process bone marking

A

any bony prominence

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2
Q

Protuberance bone marking

A

bony outgrowth or protruding part

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3
Q

Ramus bone marking

A

branch or arm

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4
Q

Spine bone marking

A

sharp, slender, or narrow process

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5
Q

Trochanter bone marking

A

two massive processes unique to the femur

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6
Q

Tubercle bone marking

A

small, rounded process

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7
Q

Tuberosity bone marking

A

rough elevated surface

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8
Q

Alveolus bone marking

A

pit or socket

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9
Q

Fovea bone marking

A

small pit

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10
Q

Sulcus bone marking

A

groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel

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11
Q

Canal bone marking

A

tubular passage or tunnel

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12
Q

Fissure bone marking

A

slit through a bone

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13
Q

Foramen bone marking

A

hole through a bone, usually round

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14
Q

Sinus bone marking

A

air filled space in a bone

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15
Q

Articulated

A

bones that are connected or joined together at a joint

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16
Q

Articulation

A

point of connection between two bones, where they join together
aka joints

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17
Q

Disarticulated

A

bones that have been separated or taken apart from their natural, connected state

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18
Q

What runs through the external acoustic meatus?

A

Sound waves to the ear drum

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19
Q

What runs through the carotid canal?

A

internal carotid artery

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20
Q

What runs through the jugular foramen?

A

internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve, accessory nerve, and vagus nerve

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21
Q

What runs through the foramen magnum?

A

spinal cord, accessory nerve, vertebral arteries

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22
Q

What runs through the olfactory foramina?

A

olfactory nerves

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23
Q

What runs through the optic canal?

A

optic nerve, ophthalmic nerve

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24
Q

What sits in the sella turcica?

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A

pituitary gland

25
What articulates with occipital condyles?
Atlas, the first cervical vertebrae
26
4 major sutures
coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous
27
What bones make up the orbit?
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal
28
What bones make up the nose?
2 nasal bones, vomer, ethmoid bone, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae
29
Function of the nasal conchae
warming air
30
Functions of the sinuses
voice resonance and lightens the anterior portion of the skull
31
What are the major sinuses?
frontal sinus, sphenoidal sinus, ethmoidal sinus, maxillary sinus
32
Function of the hyoid bone
muscle attachment, larynx support
33
Fontanelles
Soft, membranous spaces between infant skull bones
34
When do fontanelles fuse?
usually by age 1; anterior fontanelle can fuse 18-24 months
35
Major fontanelles
Anterior fontanelle, posterior fontanelle, sphenoid fontanelle, mastoid fontanelle
36
4 spinal curves
thoracic kyphosis, sacral kyphosis, cervical lordosis, lumbar lordosis
37
Which spinal curves are primary and secondary
thoracic - primary sacral - primary cervical - secondary lumbar - secondary
38
Lordosis
spinal curve that curves toward the front of the body
39
Kyphosis
spinal curve in the body that curves toward the back
40
Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
41
5 vertebral regions
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
42
Quantity, function, and characteristics of cervical vertebrae
Quantity: 7 Function: head support, protection of spinal cord and muscle attachments Characteristics: smallest vertebrae, transverse foramina in each transverse process
43
Quantity, function, and characteristics of thoracic vertebrae
Quantity: 12 Function: rib movement, structural support for thoracic cage Characteristics: heart-shaped vertebral bodies, corresponds to the 12 ribs, pointed spinous processes angling downward
44
Quantity, function, and characteristics of lumbar vertebrae
Quantity: 5 Function: primary weight-beating region, support upper body Characteristics: largest and strongest vertebrae, thick bodies, blunt and squarish spinous process
45
Quantity, function, and characteristics of sacrum vertebrae
Quantity: 5 Function: supports trunk weight, transfers load to pelvis, provides attachment for pelvis muscles Characteristics: fused in adults, separated in children, triangular shaped body plate
46
Quantity, function, and characteristics of the coccyx
Quantity: 3-5 (usually 4) Function: attachment for pelvic floor muscles Characteristics: fuses by 20-30, forms the tailbone
47
Intervertebral discs
A soft, cushion-like structure between vertebrae that allows movement, supports body weight, and absorbs shock
48
Regions of an intervertebral disc
nucleus pulposus - inner gelatinous core anulus fibrosus - outer ring of fibrocartilage surrounding the nucleus pulposus
49
What is a herniated disc?
condition where the soft inner part of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in the tough outer layer, potentially causing pain by pressing on nearby nerves
50
Functions of the thoracic cage
forms an enclosure for the lungs and heart, provides attachment for the pectoral girdle and upper lim, protects thoracic organs, enables breathing
51
Which ribs are true, false, or floating?
True: 1-7 False: 8-10 Floating: 11-12
52
Definition of true, false, and floating ribs
True: directly attached to sternum via individual costal cartilage False: costal cartilage joins costal cartilage of rib 7 Floating: no connection to sternum
53
Bones of the pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
54
Bones of the pelvic girdle
two coxal bones, sacrum
55
Function of the pelvic girdle
structural support, muscular attachments, organ support
56
What is the pubic symphysis
fibrous joint that connects the left and right pubic bones at the front of the pelvis, allowing slight movement and providing stability to the pelvic structure
57
What is the pubic symphysis made of
fibrocartilage
58
What bones are found in the pelvis
2 hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx

BI231 Wk 4 Ch 8 Bones (2 decks)

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