WK01 - Respiratory

Question 1

ABG

Which acid-base component is a reflection of arterial CO2?

its an indicator of respiratory function and a byproduct of cell metabolism

Answer 1

PaCO2

Normal range 35-45 → the higher the number eg. > 45 the more acidic so its written 45-35

Question 2

ABG

Which acid-base component is a reflection of bicarbonate ions?

Answer 2

HCO3

Its regulated by the kidney. normal range is 22-26, so the > the number the alkalinic it is

Question 3

ABG

Which ABG component is regulated by the kidney?

Answer 3

Bicarb HCO3

Question 4

ABG

Its an indicator or respiratory function?

think hypcapnia

Answer 4

PaCO2

Question 5

ABG

The hydrogen ion concentration is equivalent to what term?

Answer 5

PH

Question 6

ABG

In determining ABG. 1st determine PH and whether is acidic or alkalinic. 2nd determine which is the culprit. 3rd the other remaining component if its opposite is partially compensation.

Explanation

Answer 6

Meaning that the culprit is going towards the acidemia or alkalinic way and the remaining component is opposite and abnormal its compensation

Question 7

ABG

In mixed acidemia or mixed alkalemia, how are the 3 components of the ABG?

Meaning in what direction are they pointing to

Answer 7

All components will be towards one direction.

They will all be acidic ←- or alkalinic -→

Question 8

What is the condition where the body does not have enough oxygen?

big umbrella term

Answer 8

respiratory failure

Question 9

Acute Resp Failure

Acute respiratory failure can present as the following

4 examples

Answer 9

1. Hypoventilation
2. V/Q Mismatch
3. Shunting
4. Diffusion defect

Question 10

Acute Resp Failure

What are some expected ABG values for respiratory failure?

3 examples

Answer 10

• PH of 7.3 or less
• PaCO2 of 50 or greater
• PaO2 of 60mmhg or less

PaCO2 because its retaining

Question 11

Acute Resp Failure

What are the 3 main functional causes of respiratory failure

Answer 11

• Disorders of
  Controller
• Pump
• Gas Exchanger

Controller = CNS
Pump = Lung Thorax
Gas Exchanger = alveolar/capillary network

Question 12

Acute Resp Failure

Disruptions that can lead to respiratory failure may arise from problems or conditions of the:

6 examples think of them by system

Answer 12

• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• Neuromuscular structures
• Thorax
• Cardiovascular system
• Upper and lower airways alveoli

Question 13

Acute Resp Failure

What is respiration?

definition

Answer 13

process of oxygen movement into the body for tissue usage and carbon dioxide into athmosphere expelled.

Question 14

Acute Resp Failure

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

process whereby molecules move from area of high concentration to low concentration

Alveolar Capillary (AC) membrane is an area of low concentration

Question 15

Acute Resp Failure

What is external respiration?

Answer 15

its gas exchange that occurs between the alveoli and the blood

Question 16

Acute Resp Failure

What is internal respiration?

Answer 16

gas exchange that occurs between the blood and the tissues or cells.

Question 17

Acute Resp Failure

Respiratory failure can be divided into two big umbrella terms

verify this card

Answer 17

Lung failure and ?

Question 18

Acute Resp Failure

What is hypercarbia?

also known as hypercapnia

Answer 18

a condition where there’s an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood

Question 19

Acute Resp Failure

What is hypoxemia defined as?

Answer 19

a condition where the respiratory system is unable to maintain adequate blood oxygen levels, resulting in low oxygen in the blood, or hypoxemia

low oxygen in the blood is hypoxemia

Question 20

Acute Resp Failure

What is hypoxia definied as?

Answer 20

a condition where there is an inadequate supply of oxygen to the body’s tissues

Question 21

Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics

Define pulse oximetry

Answer 21

non invasive method that measures the amount of oxygen level in the blood

Question 22

Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics

What is the definition of an ABG test?

Answer 22

medical test that measures the levels of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and acidity (PH) in the blood

Question 23

Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics

These test measure how well the lungs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

plus assess the overall health of the respiratory system

Answer 23

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

Question 24

Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics

Can a chest x-ray reveal signs of respiratory failure like Pneumonia or Pulmonary Edema?

True or False

Answer 24

True

Question 25

# Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics Explain the concept of areas of consolidation?

Answer 25

occurs when air within the lungs is replaced by a substance other than air, such as pus, blood, fluid, or tissue, causing the lung to appear solid on imaging.

Question 26

# Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics What are some pathologies which exhibit areas of consolidation on a chest x-ray?

Answer 26

* Pneumonia * Pulmonary Edema * COPD * Acutre Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Question 27

# Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics This chest xray is characteristic of what pathology?

Answer 27

Pulmonary edema ## Footnote fluid build up in the lungs appearing as a butterfly pattern or batwing pattern

Question 28

# Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics Name the pathology exhibited on this image? | Look for the pattern

Answer 28

Pulmonary Edema in this particular case alveolar ## Footnote notice the bat wing or butterfly pattern

Question 29

# Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics What disease complex is characterized by hyperinflation of the lungs with flattened diaphgram?

Answer 29

COPD

Question 30

# Assessment of repiratory failure diagnostics Its defined as **diffuse bilateral infiltrates** with characteristic features like "ground glass"

Answer 30

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome