Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MBD > WK14: Molecular Oncology > Flashcards

WK14: Molecular Oncology Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

6 Hallmarks of Cancer

A
  • Self-sufficiency in growth signals
  • Insensitivity in anti-growth signals
  • Tissue invasion and metastasis
  • Limitless replicative potential
  • Sustained angiogenesis
  • Evading apoptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cancer characteristics

A
  • Clonality
  • Autonomy
  • Anaplasia
  • Metastasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In clonality genetic disease is at the _______ level

A

cellular (mutations have a critical role)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A proliferating mass of cells lead to ______ formation

A

tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What consequence of genetic instability is associated with mutations in offspring

A

Phenotypic Heterogeneity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Promote/ Accelerate cell proliferation

A

oncogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

only 1 of a pair of oncogenes needed to be activated for it to express _____ _______

A

malignancy potential (dominant and highly conserved)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

off state of oncogene

A

proto-oncogene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inhibit growth and multiplication of mutated cells

A

TS (tumor suppressor genes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False:

TS genes are dominant and highly conserved

A

False (recessive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cell adhesion molecules

A

APC, DCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Regulators of cell cycle

A

RB1, Tp53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Matching Type:
1st HIT
2nd HIT

a. Gross chromosomal loss
b. TS mutation or inherited mutation

A

1st HIT - b

2nd HIT - a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gene involved in sporadic mutation

A

Wild-Type TS Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Familial type of TS gene defects

A

Heritable Cancer Syndromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False:
In Heritable Cancer Syndromes, there is a tendency to develop malignancy at an earlier age compared to wild-type mutations because 1st hit is already present at birth

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ensures fidelity of replication

A

DNA repair genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

increased propensity of oncogenes and TS genes to undergo mutation is called ________

A

Microsatellite Instability/MIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

areas of unstable DNA because mutations are already present there

A

MIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inhibits cell cycle progression & permits DNA repair to take place

A

P21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

most common genetic alteration found in human cancer

A

P53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or False:

anti-apoptotic = favors continuous proliferation of tumor cells

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

main mechanism of lymphoid tumors is overexpression of _____

A

BCL-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Component of mitochondria released in response to apoptotic signals

A

Cytochrome C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Activates cascade resulting in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis
Executioner/Effector Caspases
26
two types of caspases
Initiator Caspases | Executioner/Effector Caspases
27
Prevent recombination and shortening of the lagging strand
telomeres
28
The telomere is a bio/repro clock which regulate amount of ______ in a cell
replications
29
Adds 6 nucleotide repeats to 3’-OH end of DNA
telomerase
30
Commonly used to define DNA sequence changes that alter protein function
Mutations
31
Occur in non-germline tissues
somatic mutation
32
____ _____ are heritable – causes cancer family syndrome and Mendelian cancer syndrome
Germline mutation
33
True or False: | In germline mutation, all cells are affected in offspring; risk is present at birth
True
34
Approximately _____% of breast, ovarian, and colon cancers are linked to hereditary risks
5-10%
35
Clinical features of Hereditary Cancer Syndrome
- 2 or more relatives in a family is diagnosed with cancer - >1 gen is affected - 1 or more types of clustering of specific tumor types are present
36
Common in tissues with rapid turnover
Autonomy
37
mean length of time for division of all tumor cells present
doubling time
38
True or False | The growth of cancer is directly proportional to rate of progression and aggressiveness of tumor
True
39
LOW number of cells, circulating factors, and nutrients in the tumor bed
Lag Phase
40
Rapid proliferation phase
Log Phase
41
Tumors in the _______ phase tend to be resistant to | chemotherapy and radiotherapy
plateau
42
earliest time for cancer to be clinically detected
Junction between lag and log phases
43
Only phase of the cell cycle that is susceptible to manipulation by external agents
S-phase
44
if promoted by cyclin → cell goes into mitosis
Junction between G2 and M
45
commonly affected in many malignancies
Junction between G1 and S
46
Therapeutic goal in this phase: is the prevention of mitosis in the presence of damaged DNA
G2/M checkpoint
47
Area most often involved in cancer
G1/S checkpoint
48
Phosphorylation of Rb gene results in:
Activation of several genes needed for S phase progression Promotes differentiation through association with transcription factors
49
caused by Rb gene mutation
Retinoblastoma
50
True or False: The more poorly differentiated the tumor is, the more anaplastic it tends to be, the more aggressive the behavior of the tumor is
true
51
Continued proliferation results in mass formation
anaplasia
52
lifestyle related causes of malignancy
Tobacco, Diet , Sexual practices
53
The most carcinogenic substance ever produced by human | beings for commercial consumption
Tobacco
54
2nd most common carcinogenic substance produced by human beings for commercial consumption
Alcohol
55
The higher the caloric intake, the higher intake of red meat = the higher the chance of developing ______
colon cancer
56
The use of _______ in post-menopausal women to alleviate the post-menopausal symptoms can increase the development of breast cancer
estrogens
57
Ionizing radiation includes: ______ ____ and _______ ______
electromagnetic rays & particulate matter
58
Exposure to radiation from sunlight can cause a high risk of ____ _____ and ______
skin cancer and melanoma
59
Most RNA oncogenic viruses belong to the family of retroviruses that contain ______ _____
reverse transcriptase
60
Many patients with gastric cancers have history of ________
chronic peptic ulcer disease
61
_____ and tissue cytology usually for masses that are hard to access like lung and liver masses
FNAB
62
Useful for identifying the primary site of tumor if the patient already presents with metastasis
Cytokeratin phenotyping
63
_____ is diagnostic for non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
AFP
64
Can provide baseline information In staging, certain blood examinations are necessary such as functional assessment of end organs
Serum chemistries
65
main site of activation and deactivation of chemotherapeutic agents
Liver function test
66
______ insufficiency can lead to prolonged activation or prolonged deactivation which leads to toxicity
Hepatic

MBD (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions