WK15 | COVID-19

Question 1

large, enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses

Answer 1

Coronaviridae

Question 2

Four human CoVs cause ____ of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in adults.

Answer 2

10-30%

Question 3

mild coronavirus that cause flu-like symptoms but highly transmissible

Answer 3

SARS-CoV-2

Question 4

The virus replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract and leads to upregulation of _________ as part of the host immune response.

Answer 4

pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 5

Animal reservoir of MERS-CoV

Answer 5

dromedaries

Question 6

binding receptor of SARS-CoV-2

Answer 6

ACE2

Question 7

Similar symptoms of SARS-COV-2 (along with MERS and SARS)

Answer 7

fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty in breathing.

Question 8

MOT of SARS-CoV-2

Answer 8

droplets

contact with fomites

Question 9

Virus can stay in an object for up to _____

Answer 9

3 days

Question 10

This refers to transmission through people who are

infected and shedding virus, but have not and do not ever develop symptoms

Answer 10

Asymptomatic Transmission

Question 11

Incubation period o SARS-CoV-2

Answer 11

5-6 days on average

1-14 days

Question 12

Maximum isolation

Answer 12

14 days

Question 13

Most common symptoms of COVID-19

Answer 13

Fever
Cough
Fatigue
Anorexia
Shortness of breath
Myalgias

Question 14

Less common symptoms

Answer 14

Sore throat
Nasal congestion
GI symptoms
Headache
Loss of taste or smell

Question 15

________ should be considered when evaluating older people or immunosuppressed people.

Answer 15

Atypical symptoms

Question 16

True or False:

Risk factors for death is more common in females

Answer 16

False (males)

Question 17

elevated lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 17

biomarker of tissue damage

Question 18

Inflammation biomarker

Answer 18

elevated c-reactive protein
interleukin-6
ferritin

Question 19

elevated aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, SGPT

Answer 19

Liver or other organ damage

Question 20

elevated cardiac troponin

Answer 20

Cardiac damage

Question 21

lymphocytopenia, elevated procalcitonin

Answer 21

infection

Question 22

Clotting disorders biomarker

Answer 22

thrombocytopenia; elevated D-dimer

Question 23

No signs of pneumonia

Answer 23

Mild disease

Question 24

Pneumonia which may or may not require hospitalization

Answer 24

Moderate disease

Question 25

Severe disease

Answer 25

Severe pneumonia requiring oxygen support and hospitalization

Question 26

Critical disease accounts for ___% of symptomatic cases

Answer 26

5%

Question 27

Clinical signs of pneumonia

Answer 27

fever cough dyspnea fast breathing

Question 28

Patients (with suspected COVID-19) with pneumonia but SpO2 ____ of room air may be classified as having moderate disease.

Answer 28

≥ 90%

Question 29

Moderate diseases progress to severe disease within _____ days

Answer 29

7

Question 30

An adult/adolescent with severe pneumonia will also have one of the following:

Answer 30

respiratory rate > 30 breaths/min severe respiratory distress SpO2 < 90% on room air

Question 31

A child with severe pneumonia will also have one of the following:

Answer 31

entral cyanosis or SpO2 < 90% severe respiratory distress

Question 32

Two measures can be used to assess proportion of infected individuals with fatal outcomes:

Answer 32

Infection fatality ratio | Case Fatality Ratio

Question 33

proportion of deaths among all infected | individuals

Answer 33

Infection fatality ratio

Question 34

proportion of deaths among identified confirmed cases

Answer 34

Case fatality ratio

Question 35

Case-fatality ratio and infection fatality ratio vary globally and are based on:

Answer 35

Demographics Health care access Methodology used to make calculation

Question 36

True or False: | Highest confirmed cases are males aged 35-40 y/o

Answer 36

False (30-34)

Question 37

Grainy imaging findings

Answer 37

ground-glass opacities

Question 38

Severe pulmonary histopathologic changes

Answer 38

Diffuse alveolar damage | Pulmonary microthrombi

Question 39

A person may access the health system at a variety of entry points

Answer 39

Screen for Covid-19

Question 40

process in which an individual is evaluated to see if s/he meets a standardized case definition

Answer 40

Screening

Question 41

process of sorting patients into categories based on the need for time- sensitive treatment.

Answer 41

Acuity-based triage

Question 42

evaluation of a patient for severity of disease.

Answer 42

Clinical Assessment

Question 43

Release from pathway of symptomatic patients

Answer 43

10 days after symptom onset, | plus at least 3 additional days without symptoms