Wk1Ch1:Key Words

Question 1

Pathology

Answer 1

study of physical changes in diseased organs and tissues

Question 2

Pathophysiology

Answer 2

study of functional changes in diseased organs with application to medical procedures and patient care

Question 3

Pathogenesis

Answer 3

origination and development of illness and disease

Question 4

Non-communicable disease (NCD)

Answer 4

a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another.

Question 5

Communicable diseases

Answer 5

infectious diseases that can spread from person to person (contagious).

Question 6

Risk factors

Answer 6

known vulnerability, factors that increase the chances of the disease from occurring.

Question 7

Precipitating factors

Answer 7

events or triggers which promote the onset of clinical manifestation or trigger.

Question 8

Etiology

Answer 8

the cause of a disease. Can be genetic, congenital, acquired (nosocomial – hospital acquired, iatrogenic – result of diagnostic or treatment procedures undertaken)

Question 9

Clinical manifestations

Answer 9

presenting signs and symptoms of the disease

Question 10

Signs

Answer 10

the observable or measurable expressions of a disease; objective manifestations

Question 11

Symptoms

Answer 11

the subjective manifestations of a disease, difficult or not possible to measure

Question 12

Local

Answer 12

manifestations found directly at the site of disease and confined to that specific area

Question 13

Systemic

Answer 13

manifestations present throughout the body and not confined to one area

Question 14

Diagnosis

Answer 14

a label for the altered health condition

Question 15

Prognosis

Answer 15

forecast or prediction of how the individual will proceed through the disease process

Question 16

PrevAlence

Answer 16

number or percentage of a population affected by a particular disease considering ALL cases of a disease (new and old).

Question 17

INcidence

Answer 17

number of New cases of a disease.

Question 18

Morbidity

Answer 18

condition of being diseased; with the disease or negative outcome of disease that impact the quality of life

Question 19

Mortality

Answer 19

death

Question 20

Endemic

Answer 20

constant presence of a disease within a geographical area

Question 21

Epidemic

Answer 21

increase in disease incidence in a population

Question 22

Pandemic

Answer 22

epidemic spreads across continents

Question 23

Primary prevention

Answer 23

prohibits disease condition from occurring

Question 24

Secondary prevention

Answer 24

early detection and treatment of a disease through screening

Question 25

Tertiary prevention

Answer 25

rehabilitation of a patient after detection of a disease

Question 26

Evidence based practice

Answer 26

practice based on current research and knowledge

Question 27

Mechanisms of cell injury

Answer 27

hypoxic, free radical, impaired calcium homeostasis

Question 28

Common causes of cell injury and death (TIPS)

Answer 28

Toxins, Infections, Physical injury, Serum deficit injury

Question 29

Atrophy

Answer 29

decrease in cell size e.g. Cerebral atrophy (progressive reduction in the size of the neurons leading to reduction in the brain tissue naturally occurring with age)

Question 30

Hypertrophy

Answer 30

increase in cell size Cardiac hypertrophy (increase in cardiac muscle mass due to excessive workload and functional demand)

Question 31

Hyperplasia

Answer 31

increase in cell number e.g. Acromegaly (cellular hyperplasia resulting from excessive secretion of pituitary growth hormone and liver insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)

Question 32

Metaplasia

Answer 32

transformation from one cell type to another e.g. Cervical metaplasia (replacement of columnar epithelium to squamous epithelium at the transformation zone of the cervix)

Question 33

Dysplasia

Answer 33

disorderly growth e.g. Cervical dysplasia (precancerous condition in which abnormal cell growth occurs on the cervix)

Question 34

remissions

Answer 34

symptom-free periods during chronic diseases

Question 35

exacerbations

Answer 35

the flaring of symptoms

Question 36

iatrogenic

Answer 36

diseases caused as a result of a medical treatment

Question 37

chronic

Answer 37

lasts longer than 6 months, onset is insidious or gradual