WK2- paeds intro Flashcards
what condition is the most prevelent in children
asthma, hay fever and alergic rhinitis
when does the greatest developmental changes occur in a persons life
what happens?
first 4 weeks after fertilisation
when does foetal period begin?
what happens in this stage
8th embryonic week
during this stage,
foot is 90deg of equinas and adducted.
foot is supinated and externally rotated
ossification begins during this stage also
when is embryonic period
3rd week post conception and finishes at the end of week 8 (foetal period begins)
tetragens (things that can cause birth defects)
- alochol: affects growth, CNS dysfunction, facial abnormalities, fetal alcohol syndrome
- tobacco: risk of miscarriage, low birth weight, fetal hypoxia
- cannabis: low birth weight
- cocaine: brain damage
3 main stages to forming the skeleton
- mesenchymal
- cartilaginous
- osseous
what happens in week 3 embryonic period
- nervous system begins developing
-lower limb buds begin to develop
what happens in week 4 embryonic period
-spinal cord develops
what happens in week 5 embryonic period
-femoral, tibial and common peroneal nerves branch to their areas of limb bud
what happens during week 6 of embryonic period
-foot is in full equinas and inverted
-plantar surface of feet face eachother
-bud webbing begins to notch and regress to form digits
(webbed feet may result from incomplete regression)
what happens during week 7 embryonic period
-muscles of gastroc and soleus are apparent and myogenous zones for other muscles but ill defined
-nerves have branched to supply and innervate the future muscle groups
when do many congenital foot deformities occur
before 7 weeks embryonic period
what happens during foetal period (week 8) and term (37-40 weeks)
-foot is in equinas, supinated and adducted
-muscles, vessels, nerves and digits are differentiated
when does calc ossify
week 21
first tarsus bone to ossify is
calc at 21 weeks foetal period
whats the first bone to ossify and when
distal phalanx of great toe, week 9 foetal period
when does the talus ossify
week 24 (second tarsus bone to ossify)
when does cuboid ossify
37 weeks feotal period
primary ossification centre is what
where does it occur in long bones, where does it occur in irregular bones
first area of bone to start ossifying
long bones: occurs in diaphysis/shaft
irregular bones: body of bone
secondary ossification centre
when do they occur, where do they occur in long bones
typically appears during postnatal and adolescent years
most bones have more than one secondary centre
long bones: epiphyses
what is the angle of inclination for femur (frontal plane) for newborn and adulthood
newborn 135-140deg which reduces to 125deg in adulthood
femoral torsion angle (transverse plane)/ femoral neck anteversion angle
internal rotation (anteversion) of femoral neck
newborn 31degs and decreases until teenage years when they reach:
little less than 15deg males,
18deg females
FNA angle at 5
26 degrees anteversion
