Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BMS 200 > Wk5-3 Cardiovascular Embryology > Flashcards

Wk5-3 Cardiovascular Embryology Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which structure brings oxygenated blood to the embryonic heart?

A

The umbilical vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the papillary muscle attached to?

A

The chordae tendinae of an atrioventricular valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is mediastinum?

A

In the middle of the thorax, separates the two lateral pleural cavities which houses the lung and between the mediastinal pleura which is the membranes that surround the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the subdivision of mediastinum?

A

Superior and inferior (anterior/middle/posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is heart positioned?

A

two-third to the left and one-third to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is upper border of the heat located?

A

3rd right costal cartilage, 1cm from sternal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is lower border of the heat located?

A

lower border of 2nd left costal cartilage, 2.5cm from left sternal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the apex of the heat located?

A

9cm left of the midsternal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the (right inferior) part of the heart located?

A

At 7th right sternocostal articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What connects aortic arch and left pulmonary artery?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is mitral valve?

A

At apex of the heart, 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is tricuspid valve?

A

Lower left sternal border in the 4th/5th intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is aortic valve?

A

2nd right intercostal space near the right sternal border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is pulmonic vale?

A

2nd left intercostal space near the left sternal border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are two layers of pericardium?

A

Outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium (parietal pericardium which is the inner surface of the pericardium +visceral layer which is the outer surface of the hear, aka epicardium )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structure is continuous with fibrous pericardium?

A

Central tendon of the diaphragm, pericardiophrenic ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three layers of each heart chamber?

A

endocardium (endothelium and subendothelial connective tissues, lining membranes of the heart that also covers its valves)

myocardium (cardiac muscle)

epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of cell make up of epicardium?

A

Mesothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of cells make up for serous pericardium?

A

mesothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is subepicardial layer made of?

A

Subepicardial layer: lay between myocardium and epicardium.

Made up of loose connective tissue containing coronary vessel, nerve and ganglia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is stored in subepicardial layer?

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the components of myocardium?

A

Contractile cells and impulse generating cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the name of the individual muscle cells that make up the myocardium?

A

Cardiomyocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the characteristics of cardiomyocytes?

A

Striated, uninuclear, with one or two branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cardiomyocytes are full of what?
Full of myofibrils (contraction) and mitochondria (provide ATP for heartbeat, afford resistance to fatigue)
26
What is the name of this specialized cardiac muscle fibers that play crucial role in the conduction of electrical signal within the heart?
Purkinje fibers
27
What is the characteristics of purkinje fibers?
- Full of glycogen as stored energy - Larger diameter fibers - Gap junction (rapid transmission of electrical impulse across the heart) - pale-staining due to low myofibril content
28
Do purkinje fibers contain alot myofibrils and mitochondria like cardiomyocytes?
No. Purkinje fibers have fewer myofibrils because their primary role is conduction, not contraction.
29
Which muscle is responsible for atrium contraction?
Pectinate muscles found in the wall of the atria, particularly in the right atrium.
30
What supports the structure of ventricles? What is another function of this structure?
Trabeculae carneae, it also maintain integrity of myocardium.
31
Where would you find trabeculae carneae and what's the characteristic of it?
It will be found on the inner walls of the ventricles. It has irregular, mesh-like ridges muscular column.
32
Where would you find papillary muscles?
In the ventricles of the heart
33
What is the function of desmosomes in intercalated discs ?
They hold cells together and prevent cells from separating during contraction.
34
What is the function of gap junctions in intercalated discs ?
They directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells which allow ions to pass from cell to cell. They electrically couple adjacent cells. They allow heart to be a functional syncytium, a single coordinated unit.
35
What do fascia adherens do in intercalated disc?
They anchor actin filaments, help to transmit contractile forces from one cells to another which ensures that the force generated by muscle contraction is distributed across the entire heart muscle, enabling effective heartbeats.
36
37
What are the three components of endocardium?
1. simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)---innermost layer 2. Fibroelastic connective tissue with scattered fibroblasts (beneath endothelium) * provide support and flexibility to the endocardium ----middle layer 3. subendothelial fibroelastic connective tissue containing small blood vessels, nerves and purkinje fibers ------outermost layer
38
What does endocardium form?
Endocardium form the lining of atria and ventricles.
39
Which type of cells make up the endocardium?
Endocardial cells
40
What do endocardial cells form?
Endocardial cells form the inner lining of the AV and semilunar valves to ensure they open and close efficiently during the cardiac cycle
41
What do intercalated discs do?
Connect cardiac muscle fibers
42
True or False: cardiac muscle fibers contain sarcomeres (all presence of Z discs, A bands and I bands).
True. Sarcomeres, the fundamental contractile units of muscle.
43
How is sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscles fibers compared to skeletal muscle?
Cardiac SR is simpler than in skeletal muscle
44
How is T-tubules in cardiac muscle cells compared to skeletal muscle?
Cardiac T-tubules are larger
45
Where are cardiac muscle fibers anchored to?
Cardiac muscle fibers are anchored to the fibrous skeleton of the heart.
46
What materials make up of fibrous skeleton of the heart?
Dense collagen/fibroblastic tissue
47
What are the component of four fibrous rings?
1. Fibrous coronet of pulmonary valve (support pulmonary valve) 2. Fibrous coronet of aortic valves (support aortic valve) 3. Left fibrous ring: support mitral valve 4. Right fibrous ring: support tricuspid valve * Fibrous rings surround and support the orifices of the heart valves.
48
What are the components of Fibrous trigone?
1. Right fibrous trigone (between right and left fibrous rings, connect tricuspid valves to aortic valves, which connect the right side of the heart with the aortic valve) 2. Left fibrous trigone (connect aortic rings and mitral valves, which connect left side of the heart with the aortic valve) * Fibrous trigone: connections between rings
49
What does membranous interatrial septa do?
It separates the atria of the heart
50
What does membranous interventricular septa do?
It separates left and right ventricles
51
What does fibrous skeleton do to the orifices of the AV and semilunar valves?
Fibrous skeleton keep s the orifices of the AV and semilunar valves patent (open) and prevent them from being overly distended (trigones)
52
What does fibrous skeleton provide attachments for?
Fibrous skeleton provides attachments for the leaflets & cusps of the valves, also provides attachments (origin and insertion for the myocardium)
53
Fibrous skeleton forms an electrical insulator (An insulator is a material or structure that prevents or limits the passage of energy). What does it exactly do?
It separates the impulses of the atria and ventricles. It surrounds and provides passage for the initial part of the AV bundle (bundle of his)--- the conducting system of the heart.
54
SA node and AV node are located in left or right atrium?
Right
55
Which side of myocardial walls is more trabeculated?
Right side of myocardial walls is more trabeculated.
56
What side of myocardial walls contain less muscle mass?
Right side of myocardial walls
57
Which side of myocardial walls is thinner?
Right side of myocardial walls
58
What is the name of right AV valves?
Tricuspid valves
59
What is the name of left AV valves?
Mitral/bicuspid valve
60
How many leaflets and papillary muscles are there in tricuspid?
3 leaflets 3 sets of papillary muscle: anterior/posterior/septal
61
How many leaflets and papillary muscles are there in mitral?
2 leaflets 2 sets of papillary muscle: anterior/posterior
62
What separates right and left atria?
Interatrial septum
63
What is a special feature of interatrial septum?
Fossa ovalis
64
what separates right and left ventricles?
interventricular septum
65
what is the characteristics of inferior interventricular septum?
large & muscular
66
what is the characteristics of superior interventricular septum?
small & membranous
67
what does interventricular septum corresponds to?
anterior & posterior IV sulcus
68
what is auricles and what do they do?
Small ear-shaped appendages attached to the atria. Increase the capacity of the atrium which allow the atria to hold a greater volume of blood.
69
What is the pacemaker of the heart and where is it located?
sinu-atrial node, located near the opening of the superior vena cava in the right atria
70
How does the contraction signal from sinu-atrial node spread?
The contraction signal spreads myogenically in both atria. The electrical signal generated by the sinu-atrial node causes the atria to contract. The signal spread through the muscle fibers of both atria without the need for nerves to propagate the signal.
71
What is the innervation of sinu-atrial node and what inhibits it?
Innervated by sympathetic nervous system Inhibited by parasympathetic nervous system
72
where is atrioventricular node located?
On the floor of the right atria near the opening of the coronary sinus, at the junction with interventricular septum.
73
What is the role of AV node?
AV node is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles. This slows down the conduction of the electrical impulses, allowing the ventricles time to fill with blood before contracting.
74
How does AV node distribute the signal to the ventricles?
AV nodes distributes the signal to the ventricles through the AV bundle (bundle of His)
75
What speeds up/slows down the electrical conduction produced by AV node?
Sympathetic stimulation speeds up conduction. Parasympathetic stimulation slows it down.
76
What is the pathway of AV bundle?
It passes from the AV nodes through the fibrous skeleton of the heart and along the membranous part of interventricular septum
77

BMS 200 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions