wk5= the information porcessing model in the development of our memory model

Question 1

plan

Answer 1

1. introduction
2. sensory register
3. working memory
4. LTM implicit vs episodic

Question 2

1a introduction

Answer 2

What is the information-processing approach
Approach equates the human mind to a computer.Like comuters human mind receive information and processes through an organised way. This gave rise to the model of memory
Our memory model
Similar to computers storing input devices, Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) proposed the human memory is broken up into separate stores. Sensory information goes into the STm where we can encode information into our LTM . These separatee stores have different functions related to them

Question 3

1b introduction

Answer 3

How it develops
As children grow, their information processing capacity increases, boosting our working memory. Essay will explore this models use in reflection of the human mind and its developmental limitations

Question 4

2a. our sensory memory + development

Answer 4

What is the sensory memory
First store of the model where sensory info enters and persists for a short period (1s in vision 5s in audition)
Sensory memory in childhood
Blaser and Kaldy (2010) looked at SR, specifically iconic as babies cannot articulate. Violation of expectation/ eye gaze to monitor pattern responses . Babies showed novelty preference for sets up to 6 stars though not 8 or more.

Question 5

2b. sensory register + development

Answer 5

Findings
Suggested estimated memory capacity was 5 objects compared to 5.75 with adults. Shows at 6m our iconic memory similar to capacity of adults
Suggestions
indicates that iconic memory develops rapidly in infancy and works in a similar way throughout life . However, due to Soley using looking times we cannot determine if information is implemented like adults. Due to lang babies we cannot know if can transfer and manipulate this info like adults . Nevertheless, playing important role in helping infants manage large volumes of visual information during early cognitive development.

Question 6

3a. working memory model + development

Answer 6

The working memory
If attention is added to SR, get passed onto here . Adults storage of this is 7 +/- 2 found by Miller , holding Info for 30s. Info in here stored temp to support ongoing though process
Storage of the working memory in infants
Kaldy and Leslie (2005) used looking time violation expectation task to measure how many objects 6.5m can store in WM. Found infants looked longer when different object revealed after occulation (shape change condition) than when same object revealed. So can store one object in WM

Question 7

3b. working memory model + development

Answer 7

Two objects
Extended this with 2 objects. Found surprise when two objects were revealed. However unsure if actually attend to two objects , speculated if this was just because of the change in shape. Experiment two only revealed one object (first object shows).
Findings + conclusions
Babies failed to recognise shape change of first object, so can only remember the most recent hidden object so at 6m5m WM capacity is 1
Working memory and how it develops
Feigenson et al 2008 investigated development through search time. 14m found infants = chunking. When chunking, babies able to hold information of objects more (6) shows as we get older we use memory strategies to increase WM span . Longitudinal data finds that this process is slow reaching adult like at around 11yrs

Question 8

4a. LTM implicit vs episodic

Answer 8

What is the LTM
Last store of the memory model, capacity potentially unlimited. Can be split up into explicit and implicit memory
What is implicit memory
Implicit memory is our ability to recognise that stimuli and events as familiar, usually outside of conscious awareness and without language . This relates to procedural and priming memory
Similarities
Rove-Collier et al (1980) investigated implicit memory of casual events with 3m. retained implicit memory for causal events (kicking= moving of the mobile) over 2-8 days (LTM) . Over time infants forgot specifics of mobile training.
Follow up study
Investigated the use of reminders e.g. what mobile looks like make the memory accessible after 14-28 days (encoded in LTM) . Better recall when tested in same context . Suggest recognition memory is operational in first months of life with good memory of casual events. Supporting evidence from Zealo et al (1978) extended from actions found 14 day olds to retain target words when mother reat for two weeks . Shows implicit memory is present for a variety of domains. Little development change adult like at 5yrs

Question 9

4b. LTM implicit vs episodic

Answer 9

What is episodic memory
Conscious recall of events
Limitations
Shore at al 1987= able to carry our frequently occurring event sequesnces much better than novel ones. 13m 80% accuracy after 1m. So for simple sequence of epsiodes able to be retained in memory. But autobio memory only emerges at 3yrs,earlier memories get lost due to childhood amnesia. Memory format hypothesis? Brain undergoes large developmental changes. May be due to development of narrative skills as now able to encode in language and time