Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Venous Final > Wks 11-14 > Flashcards

Wks 11-14 Flashcards

(95 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Brachiocephalic vein vs artery

A

BCV has right and left branches

BCA on has right branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Central veins

A

BCV, SCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which BCV is longer

A

Left because vena cava lies more to the right side compared to aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thyrocervical branches

A

Transverse scapular
Anterior jugular vein and arch
External jugular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary cause of UE DVT

A

IVs and catheters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secondary cause of UE DVT

A

effort thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Effort thrombosis

A

Aka paget-van shrotters syndrome.

Strong, young athletic people who put too much stain on area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thoracic outlet compression

A

Vein artery and nerve compressed by clavicle and 1sr rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of UE DVT

A 
IVs/catheters
Effort thrombosis 
Thoracic outlet compression
Tumors
IV drug use
Post-op complications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anatomical variations

A

Normal anatomy layout is different. Patient might have SCV over rib instead of under

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physical assessment of UE

A

Edema
Pain
Dilated superficial shoulder veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Edema

A

Entire arm effected could be subclavian obstruction
SVC syndrome-facial edema
At IV site-infiltration
Hand edema-lymphadema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pain (phys assess)

A

Heaviness
Aches pain
Hand pain possible arterial embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SVC syndrome

A

Superior vena cava obstructed
Venous collaterals form
Dilated chest veins, very visible and VERY likely DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hickman catheter

A

3 ports or 2 ports
Catheter fed into SCV into SVC
End of port sticks outside patients chest area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Portacath

A

Long term central venous catheter with subcutaneous parts.

All parts are underneath skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PICC

A

Peripherally inserted central catheter

Catheter threaded from arm all the way to Superior vena cava.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Advantages of PICC

A

Longer term 3 months-1 year
At home option
Use basilic vein for ease of patient mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disadvantages of PICC

A

Stasis often occurs since PICC is same side as vein

Slows venous drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PICC removal reasons

A

If thrombus forms
Infection
Damaged line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fibrin sheath

A

Deposits of fibrin formed from the circulation blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fibrin sheath after line removal

A

Fibrin sheath remains in the vein
Almost like a snake leaving behind shedded skin
Appears on image same as the real line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fibrin sheath formation

A

Catheter is foreign substance so plasma proteins coat catheters surface.
Promoted the adherence of blood platelets and bacteria.
Staph bacteria sticks to fibronectin which activates the coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fibrin sheath complications

A

thick and glue like
difficult to remove
Forms within 24 hours after placement, fully surrounded in 5-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Pertinent history
``` Confirm test Symptoms History of DVT Surgery or trauma IVs or catheters Triad symptoms ```
26
Patient prep
Supine for neck area Cover non scanning body area Patient is not an arm rest Patients arm can lay on your lap
27
Veins collapsing
If patient is upright veins will collapse due to pressure
28
Symptoms of PE
``` Swelling Pain Inflammation of IV site Preop Malfunctioning central lines ```
29
Protocol for IJV
Start in mid neck in trans | Scan distally and proximal
30
Protocol for BCV
Probe points deep towards chest RT BCV will be vertical LT BCV will be slightly pointed to right of pt
31
Prox SCV on screen
Horizontal | Bright echo below due to pleural
32
Pleura
Membranes around lungs | Visceral and parietal
33
Cephalic vein past clavicle
Cephalic vein junctions occurs just past clavicle
34
Radial and ulnar unlikely to be scanned
Areas at low DVT risk | Catheters not placed there due to artery closeness
35
Sniff test
Technique available if veins are hard to compress
36
Respiration
UE inhales increases chest pressure | Exhale halts flow
37
Normal UE Doppler
``` Spontaneous Pulsatile above axillary Phasic with pulsatility Augment below axillary-lower response than LE Similar side to side ```
38
Why is normal Doppler pulsitile
Due to reflected waveforms from closeness to heart
39
Subclavian vs suprascapular
Don’t mistake suprascapular vein for SCV | SCV is horizontal on screen!!
40
Techniques for competency
Augment Patient cough Sniff test Compare to opposite side
41
vein variations
Many variations in UE 2 brachial veins for artery 3 brachial veins Etc
42
Median nerve
Near brachial vein | Has stripes/streaks/striations
43
Superficial veins
Basilic and cephalic Within fascia near skin surface Nice catheter locations
44
Abnormal for brachiocephalic vein
Nonphasic Non pulsatile especially compared to other side Velocity, low is occlusion. High is stenosis Retrograde flow in IJV sign of prox BCV obstruction
45
IJV obstruction
Facial vein collaterals | Superior thyroid collaterals
46
Determining thrombus age
Acute-dilated vessel with soft echos Indeterminate-not as dilated; soft echos Chronic-not dilated, bright echos
47
Signs of thrombus
Non compressible Lack of color No flow Collaterals seen
48
Occluded vein Doppler
Doppler changes when vein is completely ocludded No flow in thrombus area Distal waves are non pulsatile and non phasic
49
Pitfalls to US testing
Poor identification of veins Compressing difficulties due to structures and lack of skill Good collaterals seen may cause normal flow distal
50
Mirror image
Artifact True vessel is superficial Mirror image deeper Caused by pleura being bright enough to cause a reflection type occurrence p
51
PE in upper
Less likely compared to LE due to no calf muscle pump | 0-25% reported
52
Treatment of UE DVT
``` Rest Heat Elevation External compression Anticoagulant Catheter removal Stents ```
53
Totally occluded UE vein
Will have swelling distal to that section
54
Patient with bilateral arm and neck swelling and prominent superficial chest veins likely has
Superior vena cava syndrome
55
Pager-schrotters syndrome AKA
Effort thrombosis
56
Which superficial vein joins the axillary to become subclavian
Cephalic vein
57
Best position for venous duplex to detect DVT in central veins
Supine
58
Best position for sonographer to examine central veins
At patients head
59
Ways normal venous signal in proximal deep veins is different than in LE
Pulsatile Phasic Less reaction to augments due to low volume
60
Paired veins
Brachial Radial Ulnar
61
Venous flow is typically
Towards the heart
62
What is seen after a line is removed from central veins often resembling the line itself
Fibrin sheath
63
Common PICC location
Basilic
64
PICC stands for
Peripherally inserted central catheter
65
Common IV locations
Basilic and cephalic
66
Maneuver to obtain respiratory variation in central vein
Sniff test | Or small cough
67
True or false | DVT in UE treated differently than LE
False
68
Young patient complains of acute swelling and pain in right arm. What’s a good question to ask
Any recent heavy lifting | Strenuous activities using a that arm
69
Most common cause of superior vena cava syndrome
Malignancy
70
Size veins to be marked
Great her than 2mm
71
Vein mapping purpose
Assess supervisor vins for length, diameter, condition | Used prior to ablation of varicose veins
72
Superficial veins used for
Bypass grafts Dialysis fistula CABG coronary art bypass graft
73
Preferred veins for grafts?
Natural veins, last longer. But could become aneurysmal due to now having arterial pressure
74
Which veins are mapped
Gsv ** Ssv Cephalic or basilic (last resort)
75
GSV location
Starts by inside ankle bone (medial malleolus) | Travels the whole length of leg into groin area
76
Patient position for vein mapping
Exaggerated reverse trendelunburg
77
Vein mapping requires
Very delicate touch. Superficial veins are easy to collapse
78
Vein mapping technique
``` Follow connections to deep system Scan entire vein Measure diameter, find suitable sized vein Mark vessels over 2mm Find the best vessel, no stenosis ```
79
Location of GSV on screen
Within fascia near top of screen | Vessel outside fascia could be a branch
80
Mapping locations
``` Gsv: Groin P thigh M thigh D thigh Knee P calf M calf D calf Ankle ```
81
Small saphenous vein
Located between lateral malleolus and Achilles’ tendon. Runs up the back of calf to pop. Looks like an eye on screen
82
Giacomini vein
When SSV continues above popliteal
83
Mapping SSV
``` Above knee for giacomini Knee P calf M calf D calf Ankle ```
84
Condition of veins during mapping that are bad use of graft options
Varicose veins Stenosis Thrombosed Sclerosed
85
Graft options
Natural vein Synthetic or man made materials-gortex, Dacron Radial artery for coronary graft
86
Why would synthetic grafts be used
When patient has had multiple grafts done and no longer has any other viable sections
87
Anterior jugular vein is enlarged with flow moving from right to left neck is due to
Right brachiocephalic vein is thromobosed
88
PPG reflux exam purpose
Evaluate venous valve incompetence | Deep vs superficial venous incompetence
89
PPG reflux exam technique/setup
``` Patient on edge of bed Feet dangling PPG places on inner gaiter area Baseline Compress calf with both hands 5 Times ```
90
Normal results for PPG reflux test
Calf squeeze will show decrease in wave Slow and steady rise back to baseline, over 20sec Shows that venous system is allowing enough time for leg to fill back up
91
Abnormal PPG reflux results
Recovery time under 20 secs No venous emptying during calf squeeze Indicates deep and or superficial vein incompetence
92
Tourniquet test
Abnormal PPG reflux test will result in Tourniquet test. Used to occlude the GSV at thigh so only deep veins will be tested Repeat PPG reflux test. Still abnormal then move tourniquet to calf and repeat
93
Chronic venous insufficiency causes
``` Primary varicose vein. No underlying disease Secondary varicose veins. Post thrombus DVT Valve incompetence Venous claudication ```
94
Symptoms of CVI
Ambulatory venous hypertension Hyperpigmentation Lipodermatosclerosis Ulceration
95
Duplex exam for CVI
Deep venous system Saphenous vein Varicose vein Perforators

Venous Final (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions